Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2019
Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Apparent Density in Children: Results From the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Methodological quality of network meta-analyses of Chinese herbal medicine could be improved: an evidence mapping.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.European journal of endocrinology · 2024Guideline
- Efficacy of long-term oral nutritional supplementation with dietary counseling on growth, body composition and bone mineralization in children with or at risk for undernutrition: a randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Effect of maternal prenatal and postpartum vitamin D supplementation on offspring bone mass and muscle strength in early childhood: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Skeletal Effects of Nine Months of Physical Activity in Obese and Healthy Weight Children.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2020Trial
- Pediatric osteoporosis: a comprehensive imaging-based review of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and etiology.Skeletal radiology · 2026Review
- Fracture risk assessment by dual-energy absorptiometry in osteogenesis imperfecta: A systematic review of measurement sites and its predictive value.Bone reports · 2026Review
- [Diagnosis of osteoporosis-importance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and adolescent bone mineral density: assessing periods of susceptibility.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Maternal serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations during pregnancy and adolescent bone mineral density at age 12 years.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Bone and body composition by DXA in girls with precocious puberty, premature thelarche, and prepubertal controls.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Impact of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on the gut microbiome in older adults with sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- [Diagnosis of osteoporosis-importance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Review
- Bone Health and Linear Growth in Children With Familial Hypoparathyroidism Treated With Human Parathyroid Hormone 1-34.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Reference curves for trabecular bone score adjusted for soft tissue thickness in children and adolescents from Mexico City.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Prevalence and predictors of low bone mineral density in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of growth hormone therapy on bone and body composition in prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature.Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · 2025Article
- Association between pubertal timing and bone and body composition in young adult men.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Analysis of cervical bone mineral density in children and adolescents using cone beam computed tomography combined with liquid phantoms.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextDual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a cornerstone of pediatric bone health assessment, yet differences in height-for-age confound the interpretation of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measures. To reduce the confounding of short stature on spine bone density, use of bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ)‒adjusted aBMD (aBMDHAZ) are recommended. However, spine BMAD reference data are sparse, and the degree to which BMAD and aBMDHAZ account for height-related artifacts in bone density remains unclear.
objectiveWe developed age-, sex-, and population ancestry‒specific spine BMAD reference ranges; compared height-adjustment methods in accounting for shorter stature; and assessed the stability of these measures over time.
designSecondary analysis of data from a previous longitudinal study.
participantsChildren and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years at baseline (n = 2014; 922 males; 22% black) from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study.
main outcome measuresLumbar spine BMAD and aBMDHAZ from DXA.
resultsSpine BMAD increased nonlinearly with age and was greater in blacks and females (all P < 0.001). Age-specific spine BMAD z-score reference curves were constructed for black and non‒black males and females. Overall, both BMAD and aBMDHAZz scores reduced the confounding influence of shorter stature, but neither was consistently unbiased across all age ranges. Both BMAD and aBMDHAZz scores tracked strongly over 6 years (r = 0.70 to 0.80; all P < 0.001).
conclusionThis study provided robust spine BMAD reference ranges and demonstrated that BMAD and aBMDHAZ partially reduced the confounding influence of shorter stature on bone density.
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Registered trials
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