ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2018
Comparing outpatient oral antibiotic use in Germany and the Netherlands from 2012 to 2016.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Opportunities, associations, and impact of early intravenous to oral antimicrobial switch for hospitalized patients in Ethiopia.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Assessment of the Prescriptions of Systemic Antibiotics in Primary Dental Care in Germany from 2017 to 2021: A Longitudinal Drug Utilization Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Using Belgian pharmacy dispensing data to assess antibiotic use for children in ambulatory care.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Trends in Antibiotic Use in Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish Children.Clinical epidemiology · 2022Article
- Latvian Primary Care Management of Children with Acute Infections: Antibiotic-Prescribing Habits and Diagnostic Process Prior to Treatment.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Quality Appraisal of Ambulatory Oral Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Use in the 16 German Federal States from 2014-2019.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Adherence to guideline recommendations for urinary tract infections in adult women: a cross-sectional study.Primary health care research & development · 2021Observational
- Marked reductions in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for children and adolescents - a population-based study covering 83% of the paediatric population, Germany, 2010 to 2018.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2020Article
- Comparing outpatient oral antibiotic use in Germany and the Netherlands from 2012 to 2016.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeOveruse of antibiotics is of concern, but may differ between European countries. This study compares outpatient use of oral antibiotics between Germany (DE) and the Netherlands (NL).
methodsFor DE, we used the DAPI database with information on dispensings at the expense of the Statutory Health Insurance Funds from > 80% of community pharmacies. For NL, data were obtained from the Dutch Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics. Use of oral antibiotics was estimated as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), except for age comparisons as packages per 1000 inhabitants annually. National time trends were assessed with linear regression, stratified for the major antibiotic classes, and individual substances.
resultsFrom 2012 to 2016, outpatient antibiotic use was lower in NL than in DE (9.64 vs 14.14 DID in 2016) and non-significantly decreased slightly over time in both countries. In DE, dispensings of oral antibiotics to children were higher compared with NL for the age groups 2 to 5 (2.0-fold in 2016) and 6 to 14 years (2.7-fold in 2016). Use of cephalosporins was very low in NL (0.02 DID in 2016), but the second most frequently dispensed class in DE (2.95 DID in 2016).
conclusionFrom 2012 to 2016, outpatient use of oral antibiotics was lower in NL than in DE. Differences were primarily observed in the age groups 2 to 5 and 6 to 14 years, although the recommendations of evidence-based guidelines in both countries were in agreement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.