SynthesisThe Indian journal of medical research2018
Relationship between type of smokeless tobacco & risk of cancer: A systematic review.
Synthesis in The Indian journal of medical research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review.European urology · 2023Pooled it
- Association of bidi smoking and tobacco-use patterns with cancer risk in India: a multicentre unmatched case-control study (2024-2025).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Serum Proteomic Analysis Using Gel-Based Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Reveals Differences Between Canine Oral Malignancies and Non-Malignant Conditions.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Oral cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among dentists in Kabul, Afghanistan.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Cellular Senescence Triggered by Food and Environmental Genotoxins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- PRMT5 encourages cell migration and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through methylating ΔNp63α.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Article
- Nicotiana tabacum: From a Beneficial Plant to Harmful Products-A Comprehensive Review of Smokeless Tobacco and Its Adverse Health Effects.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Review
- Cultural Drivers, Modes of Use, and Perceived Harms of Traditional and Non-Traditional Smokeless Tobacco Use in South Africa: A Qualitative Study.Tobacco use insights · 2026Article
- Review
- HPV status impacts oncobacteria abundance and prognostic relevance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Article
- RBAP48 facilitates the oral squamous cell carcinoma process in an androgen receptor-dependent and independent manners.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Natural Antisense Transcript-Mediated Regulation of HOXA10-AS in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2025Article
- The Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Institutional Epidemiological Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Sex Disparities in Smoked and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Displaced Populations in Mizoram, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Smokeless tobacco excise taxes in the US: Standardizing the measurement for empirical analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- The effect of smokeless tobacco (SLT) excise taxes on SLT use among youth.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Smokeless Tobacco Usage and Oral Cancer Risk: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study From Bangladesh.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Smokeless Tobacco and the Incidence of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review Study.Addiction & health · 2025Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
objectivesCausative linkages of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use with oral potentially malignant disorders and cancers of oral cavity, oesophagus and pancreas have been reported. Published meta-analyses have provided pooled risk estimates for major cancers caused by SLT, both on global and regional levels. This systematic review was aimed at summarizing the available studies on occurrence and mortality risk of common cancers due to various SLT products.
methodsPubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from 1985 till January 2018 for observational studies on SLT and cancer. The included studies were evaluated and data were extracted and reviewed.
resultsThe review included 80 studies providing 121 risk estimates for various cancers. Majority of the studies from South-East Asian Region (SEAR) and Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) showed a significant positive association of SLT use with oral [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.48 to 27.4] and oesophageal cancers (OR between 2.06 and 12.8), while studies from European Region (EUR) reported a positive association with pancreatic cancer (OR between 1.6 and 2.1). Cancer-related mortality was evaluated in a few reports with higher risk of mortality for lung (OR between 2.0 and 9.1), cervical (OR 2.0) and prostate (OR 2.1) cancers. A wide variation was noted in the association of various cancers and specific SLT products based on their nature, methods of use and inherent toxicity. The majority of chewing tobacco products displayed higher risk for oral and oesophageal cancers while the same was not observed for snus. INTERPRETATION &
conclusionsThis review emphasizes on the significantly positive association of SLT use with oral and oesophageal cancers in SEAR and EMR and pancreatic cancer in EUR. Mortality estimates for SLT-associated cancers need further analysis. Risk analysis for cancers of other sites in SLT users also requires multicentric well-designed studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.