Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30262775›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2018

Pioglitazone Reduces Dementia Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Chin-Hsiao Tseng

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Infection trajectories and dementia risk in type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Dementia in Diabetes: The Role of Hypoglycemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Chin-Hsiao TsengDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan. ccktsh@ms6.hinet.net.ORCID 0000-0001-9545-7123
National Health Research Institutes · TW

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan MOST 103-2314-B-002-187-MY3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe beneficial effect of pioglitazone on dementia requires confirmation.

methodsThe database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance was used to enroll a propensity score-matched-pair cohort of patients who had ever used pioglitazone and patients who had never used pioglitazone from Taiwanese patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus during 1999⁻2008. The patients were to be alive on 1 January 2009 and were followed up for dementia until 31 December 2011. Hazard ratios were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.

resultsThere were 11,011 never users and 11,011 ever users of pioglitazone, with respective numbers of incident dementia of 123 and 91. The overall hazard ratio was 0.716 (95% confidence interval: 0.545⁻0.940) for ever users versus never users. The hazard ratios for the first (<11.0 months), second (11.0⁻19.6 months) and third (>19.6 months) tertiles of cumulative duration were 0.806 (0.544⁻1.193), 0.654 (0.430⁻0.994) and 0.694 (0.469⁻1.026), respectively. When cumulative duration was treated as a continuous variable, the hazard ratio was 0.987 (0.976⁻0.998). In subgroup analyses, the beneficial effect was mainly observed in patients who had not been treated with metformin. Among metformin ever users, the hazard ratio for dementia for pioglitazone ever users versus never users was 0.802 (0.580⁻1.109); and was 0.494 (0.284⁻0.857) among never users of metformin. No interaction between pioglitazone and major risk factors of dementia (i.e., stroke, hypoglycemia, head injury and Parkinson's disease) was observed.

conclusionsPioglitazone use is associated with a lower risk of dementia, especially when it is used in never users of metformin and has been used for more than 20 months.

Indexed as

dementiadiabetes mellituspioglitazoneTaiwan

Identifiers

PMID30262775
PMCPMC6209987
OpenAlexW2892851068

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.