ArticlePloS one2018
Determinants of frequency and contents of antenatal care visits in Bangladesh: Assessing the extent of compliance with the WHO recommendations.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between early antenatal care and antenatal care contacts across low-and middle-income countries: effect modification by place of residence.Epidemiology and health · 2021Pooled it
- Adherence to the WHO Eight-Contact Antenatal Care Model and Associated Factors Among Postpartum Mothers in Sululta District, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- A multilevel modelling approach to understanding antenatal care utilisation in Uganda.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Magnitude and determinants of gestational weight gain in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2026Review
- Compliance with WHO-recommended eight+ antenatal care contacts among adolescent and young mothers in Kenya: policy implications from the 2022 Kenya demographic health survey.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Influence of socioeconomic factors on maternal and child health outcomes in Bangladesh: evidence from the 2022 demographic and health survey.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Economic and Demographic Factors Associated With Antenatal Care Utilization in Bangladesh: An Ordered Response Analysis Using Cross-Sectional Data.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Nonadherence to the WHO 2016 Antenatal Care Model and Associated Factors Among Delivering and Postnatal Women in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Article
- Prospective Comparative Study on the Relationship Between Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes and the Total Number of Antenatal Visits: Evaluating the Focused Antenatal Care Model and Assessment of Prenatal Care Utilization Index.Oman medical journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Determinants of complete antenatal care in Sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 28 countries.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Predictors of antenatal care utilization among the Rohingya population in the refugee camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Maternal factors associated with inadequate antenatal contacts in the central hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Applying machine learning to predict quality ANC determinants in Bangladesh: a BDHS-2022 cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Compliance with ≥ 8 antenatal care contacts and its associated factors among postnatal women attending public health facilities in Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Article
- Receipt of adequate antenatal care and associated factors among women delivering in public hospitals, Afar region, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Quality of antenatal care and associated factors in public and private facilities of Western Hararghe Zone Ethiopia using WHO framework.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the sociodemographic and socioeconomic determinants of antenatal care utilization in Bangladesh: insights from the 2017-18 BDHS.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Beyond averages: dissecting urban-rural disparities in skilled antenatal care utilization in Bangladesh - a conway-maxwell-poisson regression analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
backgroundIn addition to the number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, the items of ANC services covered by ANC visits greatly influence the effectiveness of the ANC services. Recently the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended not only to achieve a minimum of eight ANC visits, but also to use a core set of items of ANC services for safe motherhood. This study examined the levels and determinants of frequency and contents of ANC visits in Bangladesh and thus assessed the level of compliance with the WHO recommended number and the content of ANC services during pregnancy in Bangladesh.
methodsThe data for the study come from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), which covereda nationally representative sample of 17,863 ever-married women aged 15-49 years. Data derived from 4,627 mothers who gave birth in the three years preceding the survey constituted the study subjects. Descriptive, inferential and multivariate statistical techniques were used for data analysis.
resultsOn average, mothers received less than three (2.7 visits) ANC visits and only 6% receive the recommended eight or more ANC visits. About 22% of the mothers received all the prescribed basic items of ANC services. About one-fifth (21%) of the mothers never received ANC visits and thus no items of ANC services. Measurement of blood pressure was the most common item received during ANC visit as reported by 69% mothers. Blood test was the least received item (43%). Significant positive association was found between frequency of ANC visits and receiving the increased number of items of ANC services. High socio-economic status, low parity, living in urban areas and certain administrative regions, planned pregnancies, having media exposure, visiting skilled providers for ANC services and visit to public or NGO health facilities are associated with frequent ANC visits and receiving higher number of items of ANC contents.
conclusionAn unsatisfactory level of coverage of and content of ANC visits have been observed in Bangladesh. Further investigation is needed to identify the causes of under-utilization of ANC services in Bangladesh. A greater understanding of the identified risk factors and incorporating them into short and long term strategies would help improve the coverage and contents and thus quality of ANC services in Bangladesh.
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