ArticlePloS one2018
Differences in hepatocellular carcinoma risk, predictors and trends over time according to etiology of cirrhosis.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review of Animal and Epidemiological Studies.Environmental science & technology · 2026Pooled it
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (Ala>Val, rs1801133 C>T) polymorphism decreases the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis involving 12,628 subjects.Bioscience reports · 2020Pooled it
- Roles of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived microRNAs in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Practice changing RCT design and rationale: Abbreviated MRI plus AFPJHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Review
- Temporal changes in etiology, complications, and infection-related admissions among patients with cirrhosis: a 20-year single-center study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A Clinlabomics-Based Machine Learning Model Accurately Differentiates Atypical Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Atypical Benign Focal Hepatic Lesion.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Etiology of cirrhosis is associated with risk of hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Exploring Cirrhosis: Insights into Advances in Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evolving epidemiology of HCC in Spain.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Impact of high body mass index on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic liver disease: A population-based prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma risk scores for non-viral liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Review
- Validating new coding algorithms to improve identification of alcohol-associated and nonalcohol-associated cirrhosis hospitalizations in administrative databases.Hepatology communications · 2024Article
- Review
- Liver Stiffness Measurement and Risk Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After HCV Eradication in Veterans With Cirrhosis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma risk decreases as time accrues following hepatitis C virus eradication.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Article
- The Growing Landscape of NAFLD-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Impact in Surveillance.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Review
- Hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction and early detection in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Review
- Non-Invasive Prediction Scores for Hepatitis B Virus- and Hepatitis D Virus-Infected Patients-A Cohort from the North-Eastern Part of Romania.Microorganisms · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is high in cirrhosis. We sought to describe differences in HCC risk, predictors and trends over time according to etiology of cirrhosis.
methodsWe identified 116,404 patients with cirrhosis diagnosed between 2001-2014 in the VA healthcare system and determined incident HCC cases occurring from the date of cirrhosis diagnosis until 01/31/2017. Patients were divided by cirrhosis etiology into hepatitis C virus (HCV, n = 52,671), alcoholic liver disease (ALD, n = 35,730), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, n = 17,354), or OTHER (n = 10,649).
resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 4.3 years, 10,042 new HCC cases were diagnosed. Patients with HCV had >3 times higher incidence of HCC (3.3 per 100 patient-years) than patients with ALD (0.86/100 patient-years), NAFLD (0.90/100 patient-years) or OTHER (1.0/100 patient-years), an association that persisted after adjusting for baseline characteristics. HCC incidence was 1.6 times higher in patients with cirrhosis diagnosed in 2008-2014 (2.47/100 patient-years) than in 2001-2007 (1.55/100 patient-years). Independent predictors of HCC among all cirrhosis etiologies included: age, male sex, Hispanic ethnicity, high serum alpha fetoprotein, alkaline phosphatase and AST/√ALT ratio and low serum albumin and platelet count. Diabetes was associated with HCC in ALD-cirrhosis and NAFLD-cirrhosis, and BMI in ALD-cirrhosis.
conclusionsHCC risk is 3 times greater in cirrhotic patients with HCV than ALD or NAFLD. HCC risk continues to increase over time in analyses extending to 2017 in cirrhosis of all etiologies. Multiple readily available risk factors for HCC were identified that were influenced by cirrhosis etiology and could be used to develop HCC risk estimation models.
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