ReviewJournal of neuroscience research2020
Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption following traumatic brain injury: Pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets.
Review in Journal of neuroscience research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 175 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 292 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluid Biomarkers of Cognitive Impairments Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Interleukin-6 as a prognostic biomarker of clinical outcomes after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2022Pooled it
- Effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive impairment with traumatic brain injury in animal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of drug therapy on nerve repair of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: A network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of early goal-directed sedation dominated by dexmedetomidine on cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammatory mediators in patients with severe brain injury.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Oral Simvastatin on the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2021Trial
- LncRNA UCA1 Aggravated Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation After Traumatic Brain Injury by Targeting miR-708-5p.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Stable tissue oxygen cerebral perfusion pressure (stoCPP): Proof of concept for a novel method for the assessment of optimum cerebral perfusion pressure in severe traumatic brain injury.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Article
- PDCD1 Signaling in Microglia Can Reduce Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury by Regulating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway, Thereby Alleviating Neurological Dysfunction.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Harnessing Regulatory T Cells to Modulate Acute Brain Injury: From Mechanisms to Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Association of Urea-to-Creatinine Ratio with Functional Outcomes in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-driven multicellular mechanisms of CNS repair and cerebroprotection.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Article
- Endothelin-1 induces Zfp36 family RNA-binding proteins and restrains cytokine and chemokine production in reactive astrocytes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Decoding spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: mechanistic breakthroughs and disruptive revolution in pharmacological treatment.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Innovative Biomaterials for Modulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting Repair After Traumatic Brain Injury.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Meningeal Lymphatics Drives Macrophage Clearance via CCL2-CCR2 Axis After Cerebral Ischemia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- The dual face of human chorionic gonadotropin in the CNS: neuroprotection, signaling, and possible pathological effects.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Review
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most frequent cause of death and disability in young adults and children in the developed world, occurring in over 1.7 million persons and resulting in 50,000 deaths in the United States alone. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that between 3.2 and 5.3 million persons in the United States live with a TBI-related disability, including several neurocognitive disorders and functional limitations. Following the primary mechanical injury in TBI, literature suggests the presence of a delayed secondary injury involving a variety of neuroinflammatory changes. In the hours to days following a TBI, several signaling molecules and metabolic derangements result in disruption of the blood-brain barrier, leading to an extravasation of immune cells and cerebral edema. The primary, sudden injury in TBI occurs as a direct result of impact and therefore cannot be treated, but the timeline and pathophysiology of the delayed, secondary injury allows for a window of possible therapeutic options. The goal of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of the primary and delayed injury in TBI as well as present several preclinical studies that identify molecular targets in the potential treatment of TBI. Additionally, certain recent clinical trials are briefly discussed to demonstrate the current state of TBI investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.