Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30259396›Full record

ArticleApplied health economics and health policy2019

Trends and Factors Associated with Hospitalization Costs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States.

Fang Xu, Yong Liu, Anne G Wheaton, Kristina M Rabarison, Janet B Croft

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied health economics and health policy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Managing Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in 2025 and Beyond.Current gastroenterology reports · 2026
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  12. Characterizing Regionalization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospitalizations and Operations in Washington State.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Patient Perspectives on Medical Trauma Related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality for inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Fang XuDivision of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-78, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA. vmf7@cdc.gov.
Yong LiuDivision of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-78, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Anne G WheatonDivision of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-78, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Kristina M RabarisonDivision of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-78, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Janet B CroftDivision of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-78, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFew studies have addressed recent trends in hospitalization costs for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

objectiveWe explored trends and described patient and hospital factors associated with hospitalization costs for IBD.

methodsUsing data from the 2003-2014 National Inpatient Sample for adults aged ≥ 18 years, we estimated costs using multivariable linear models and assessed linear trends by time periods using piecewise linear regressions.

resultsIn 2014, there were an estimated 56,290 hospitalizations for Crohn's disease (CD), with a mean cost of US$11,345 and median cost of US$7592; and 33,585 hospitalizations for ulcerative colitis (UC), with a mean cost of US$13,412 and median cost of US$8873. Higher costs were observed among Hispanic [adjusted cost ratio (ACR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-1.14; p = 0.04] or other non-Hispanic (ACR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02-1.17; p = 0.01) CD patients than for non-Hispanic White CD patients. For UC patients, higher costs were observed among men (ACR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.05-1.13; p < 0.001) compared with women and among patients aged 35-44 years, 45-54 years, and 55-64 years compared with those aged 18-24 years. Among all patients, factors associated with higher costs included higher household income, more comorbidities, and hospitals that were government nonfederal versus private, were large versus small, and were located in the West versus Northeast regions. From 2003 to 2008, total costs increased annually by 3% for CD (1.03; 95% CI = 1.02-1.05; p < 0.001) and 4% for UC (1.04; 95% CI = 1.02-1.06; p < 0.001), but remained unchanged from 2008 to 2014.

conclusionsThe findings are important to identify IBD patients with higher hospitalization costs and to inform policy plans on hospital resource allocation.

Indexed as

AdultFemaleHospital CostsHospitalizationHumansInflammatory Bowel DiseasesLinear ModelsMaleMiddle AgedUnited States

Identifiers

PMID30259396
PMCPMC10498392
OpenAlexW2892654271

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.