ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2018
Pathogen-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Molecules That Affect the Host Immune System: An Overview.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Gut Microbiome-Circadian Axis in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms of virulence in Enterococcus faecium: integrating Esp, Acm, regulatory RNA networks in multidrug resistant nosocomial infections.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Integrating mass spectrometry-based multi-omic signatures of extracellular vesicles: from discovery to clinical translation.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Review
- Fluconazole tolerance is associated with altered extracellular vesicle-mediated epithelial immune responses inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Deciphering the immunomodulatory cross-talk: Bacterial extracellular vesicles in gut homeostasis.Virulence · 2025Review
- Neurodegeneration as Ecosystem Failure: A New Paradigm for Prevention and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Emerging Cancer Vaccine Platforms.Small science · 2025Review
- Exosome engineering for targeted therapy of brain-infecting pathogens: molecular tools, delivery platforms, and translational advances.Frontiers in medical technology · 2025Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as intranasal postbiotics: Detailed characterization and interaction with airway cells.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles.Genetics · 2024Review
- Bacteria extracellular vesicle as nanopharmaceuticals for versatile biomedical potential.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- Harnessing Nature's Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Malaria: Shedding Light on Pathogenic Depths.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles: an emerging tool for wild immunology.Discovery immunology · 2024Review
- Cargo exchange between human and bacterial extracellular vesicles in gestational tissues: a new paradigm in communication and immune development.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Insights into the unique roles of extracellular vesicles for gut health modulation: Mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives.Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles in bacterial and fungal diseases - Pathogenesis to diagnostic biomarkers.Virulence · 2023Review
- Message in a bubble: the translational potential of extracellular vesicles.The Journal of physiology · 2023Review
- Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recently, the interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by pathogens like bacteria, fungi, and parasites has rapidly increased. Many of these pathogens actively modulate the immune responses of their host and there is accumulating evidence that pathogen-derived EV contribute to this process. The effects of pathogen-derived EV on the host immune system have been attributed to proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and glycans contained in, or present on these EV. For example, toxins in bacterial EV can modulate pathogen clearance and antigen presentation, while EV-associated polysaccharides are potential vaccine targets because they induce protective immune responses. Furthermore, parasite EV-associated microRNA may increase parasite survival via host gene repression, and the lipid A moiety of LPS in bacteria-derived EV induces strong pro-inflammatory responses. Research on pathogen EV-associated molecules may pave new avenues to combat infectious diseases by immune intervention. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of EV-associated molecules released by extracellular pathogens and their effects on the host immune system. The current focus and future hotspots of this rapidly expanding field will be highlighted and discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.