ArticleDiabetes2019
FGF21 Is a Hormonal Mediator of the Human "Thrifty" Metabolic Phenotype.
Article in Diabetes, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and characterization of the long non-coding RNA NFIA-AS2 as a novel locus for body mass index in American Indians.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Pooled it
- Dietary Protein Reduction During Isocaloric Conditions Reduces Body Weight in Men With Overweight or Obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Fructose-induced FGF21 secretion does not activate brown adipose tissue in Japanese young men: randomized cross-over and randomized controlled trials.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2024Trial
- Meal sugar-protein balance determines postprandial FGF21 response in humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- The inflammatory proteome, obesity, and medical weight loss and regain in humans.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Reduced adaptive thermogenesis during acute protein-imbalanced overfeeding is a metabolic hallmark of the human thrifty phenotype.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- A nutrient-hormone axis pivots an energy trade-off between resting thermogenesis and movement expenditure.Journal of sport and health science · 2026Article
- Decision-Making Scores and Hunger Susceptibility: A Positive Correlation Mediated by Fasting FGF21 Independently of Body Fat.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Dietary protein restriction elevates FGF21 levels and energy requirements to maintain body weight in lean men.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- FGF21 and its underlying adipose tissue-liver axis inform cardiometabolic burden and improvement in obesity after metabolic surgery.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Human metabolic chambers reveal a coordinated metabolic-physiologic response to nutrition.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Impaired metabolic flexibility to fasting is associated with increased ad libitum energy intake in healthy adults.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
- Effect of a 6-Week Carbohydrate-Reduced High-Protein Diet on Levels of FGF21 and GDF15 in People With Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Protection against overfeeding-induced weight gain is preserved in obesity but does not require FGF21 or MC4R.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Critical role of FGF21 in diabetic kidney disease: from energy metabolism to innate immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Physiological protection against weight gain: evidence from overfeeding studies and future directions.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Dietary Methionine and Total Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction in Healthy Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Targeting FGF21 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: from mechanism to medicine.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) regulates energy expenditure (EE) and influences weight change during low-protein overfeeding in rodent models. The change in EE after a low-protein overfeeding diet is a predictor of weight change in humans and a feature of the "thrifty" metabolic phenotype. However, there are no studies showing an association between circulating FGF21 and diet-related EE in humans. We assessed the changes in plasma FGF21 concentrations after 24 h of seven dietary interventions with different macronutrient content while in a whole-room indirect calorimeter in 64 healthy subjects with normal glucose regulation. Plasma FGF21 concentration consistently increased by threefold only after the two low-protein (3%) overfeeding diets, one high in carbohydrate (75%) and the other high in fat (46%), with larger increases in FGF21 being associated with greater increases in 24-h EE. Subjects with smaller increases in FGF21 after the low-protein high-fat diet gained more weight after 6 months in free-living conditions. Therefore, the individual predisposition to weight gain over time can be assessed by 24-h overfeeding a low-protein diet and measurements of plasma FGF21 concentrations. Individuals with a blunted FGF21 response to a low-protein diet have a thrifty metabolism and are at risk for future weight gain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.