ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Environmental Contaminants and Congenital Heart Defects: A Re-Evaluation of the Evidence.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Maternal Factors and Risk of Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Pooled it
- The Heart of Fetal Growth Restriction: Congenital Heart Defects-An Analysis of Risk Factors and Morbidity Outcomes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Mechanistic Review of Environmental Stressor to Decode Their Effect on Congenital Malformations: A Developmental Toxicity.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Maternal environmental noise exposure during the periconceptional period and risk of congenital heart disease in offspring: a case-control study in Northwest China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- Multiple-element exposure in early pregnancy and birth defects: a nested case-control study based on the China birth cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Environmental Risk in American Indian Children, Including Cardiovascular and Hematologic Consequences of Cadmium Exposure: Possible Means of Mitigation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Review
- Maternal multivitamin supplementation mitigates the risk of fetal congenital heart disease associated with high indoor total volatile organic compounds exposure in east china: a case-control study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Season, household registry and isolated birth defects: a population-based case-control study in Danyang, China.International health · 2024Article
- Risk-prediction nomogram for congenital heart disease in offspring of Chinese pregnant women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposure to air pollutants and the risk of congenital heart disease: a Korean national health insurance database-based study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Climate change, air pollution and maternal and newborn health: An overview of reviews of health outcomes.Journal of global health · 2024Review
- Understanding the Genetic and Non-genetic Interconnections in the Aetiology of Isolated Congenital Heart Disease: An Updated Review: Part 1.Current cardiology reports · 2024Review
- Associations Between the Lead Level in Maternal Blood and Umbilical Cord Blood and Congenital Heart Diseases in Offspring.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Epigenetic Evaluation of theCells · 2023Article
- Risk and protective factors related to having a child with congenital heart diseases (CHD): a case-control study in Iran.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Early prenatal exposure to air pollutants and congenital heart disease: a nested case-control study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2023Article
- The Association of Folic Acid, Iron Nutrition during Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease in Northwestern China: A Matched Case-Control Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Epigenetics and Congenital Heart Diseases.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- Photoacoustic-Ultrasound Tomography: A New Window into Developmental Toxicity.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a common birth defect of largely unknown etiology, with high fetal and neonatal mortality. A review of CHDs and environmental contaminant exposure found that meta-analyses showed only modest associations for smoking, vehicle exhaust components, disinfectant by-products and proximity to incinerators, with stronger results from the newer, larger and better quality studies masked by the typical absence of effect in older studies. Recent studies of exposure to agricultural pesticides, solvents, metals and landfill sites also showed associations. Certain contaminants have been associated with certain CHDs, with septal defects being the most common. Frequent methodological problems include failure to account for potential confounders or maternal/paternal preconception exposure, differences in diagnosing, defining and classifying CHDs, grouping of defects to increase power, grouping of contaminants with dissimilar mechanisms, exclusion of pregnancies that result in death or later life diagnosis, and the assumption that maternal residence at birth is the same as at conception. Furthermore, most studies use measurement estimates of one exposure, ignoring the many additional contaminant exposures in daily life. All these problems can distort and underestimate the true associations. Impaired methylation is a common mechanism, suggesting that supplementary folate may be protective for any birth defect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.