ArticlePloS one2018
Tunable activation of therapeutic platelet-rich plasma by pulse electric field: Differential effects on clot formation, growth factor release, and platelet morphology.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers in wound healing.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Study of the effects and mechanism of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma gel on layered skin flaps.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Harmony in Healing: Investigating Platelet-Rich Plasma Activation during Acetylsalicylic Acid Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- The Provocative Roles of Platelets in Liver Disease and Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Tissue Infection: Preparation and Clinical Evaluation.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundActivation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by pulse electric field (PEF) releases growth factors which promote wound healing (e.g., PDGF, VEGF for granulation, EGF for epithelialization).
aimsTo determine after PEF activation of therapeutic PRP: 1) platelet gel strength; 2) profile of released growth factors; 3) alpha- and T-granule release; 4) platelet morphology.
methodsConcentrated normal donor PRP was activated by 5 μsec (long) monopolar pulse, ~4000 V/cm (PEF A) or 150 nsec (short) bipolar pulse, ~3000 V/cm (PEF B) in the presence of 2.5 mM (low) or 20 mM (high) added CaCl2. Clot formation was evaluated by thromboelastography (TEG). Surface exposure of alpha granule (P-selectin) and T-granule (TLR9 and protein disulfide isomerase [PDI]) markers were assessed by flow cytometry. Factors in supernatants of activated PRP were measured by ELISA. Platelet morphology was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
resultsTime to initial clot formation was shorter with thrombin (<1 min) than with PEF A and B (4.4-8.7 min) but clot strength (elastic modulus, derived from TEG maximum amplitude) was greater with PEF B than with either thrombin or PEF A (p<0.05). Supernatants of PRP activated with PEF A had higher EGF levels than supernatants from all other conditions. In contrast, levels of PF4, PDGF, and VEGF in supernatants were not significantly different after PEF A, PEF B, and thrombin activation. T-granule markers (TLR9 and PDI) were higher after thrombin than after PEF A or B with low or high CaCl2. By TEM, platelets in PEF-treated samples retained a subset of granules suggesting regulated granule release.
conclusionPulse length and polarity can be modulated to produce therapeutic platelet gels as strong or stronger than those produced by thrombin, and this is tunable to produce growth factor profiles enhanced in specific factors important for different stages of wound healing.
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