Trial reportEnvironmental science & technology2018
Effects of Single and Combined Water, Sanitation and Handwashing Interventions on Fecal Contamination in the Domestic Environment: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh.
Trial report in Environmental science & technology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01590095 (WASH Benefits Bangladesh), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
WASH Benefits Bangladesh: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the Benefits of Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Plus Nutrition Interventions on Child Growth
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Hand-washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Longitudinal Effects of a Sanitation Intervention on Environmental Fecal Contamination in a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh.Environmental science & technology · 2021Trial
- Ingestion of Fecal Bacteria along Multiple Pathways by Young Children in Rural Bangladesh Participating in a Cluster-Randomized Trial of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions (WASH Benefits).Environmental science & technology · 2020Trial
- Effect of Improved Water Quality, Sanitation, Hygiene and Nutrition Interventions on Respiratory Illness in Young Children in Rural Bangladesh: A Multi-Arm Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene and improved complementary feeding on environmental enteric dysfunction in children in rural Zimbabwe: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Trial
- Effects of water, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions on soil-transmitted helminth infections in young children: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Deep Tubewell Use and Child Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Prospective Community Surveillance Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Rainfall and temperature influence effectiveness of on-site sanitation intervention against E. coli contamination in Bangladeshi households.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Transmission of fecal contamination to stored drinking water in unplanned settlements in Lusaka.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Associations between Fecal Contamination of the Household Environment and Enteric Pathogen Detection in Children Living in Maputo, Mozambique.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Associations between floor material andbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effects of household concrete floors on maternal and child health: the CRADLE trial - a randomised controlled trial protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Treatment heterogeneity of water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition interventions on child growth by environmental enteric dysfunction and pathogen status for young children in Bangladesh.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of integrated WASH and maternal and child health interventions on diarrhea disease prevalence in a resource-constrained setting in Kenya.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Effects of household concrete floors on maternal and child health - the CRADLE trial: a randomised controlled trial protocol.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Addressing Fecal Contamination in Rural Kenyan Households: The Roles of Environmental Interventions and Animal Ownership.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Treatment Heterogeneity of Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition Interventions on Child Growth by Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Pathogen Status for Young Children in Bangladesh.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Sanitation in urban areas may limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance via flies.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of High Temperature and Heavy Precipitation on Drinking Water Quality and Child Hand Contamination Levels in Rural Kenya.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions have varying effectiveness in reducing fecal contamination in the domestic environment; delivering them in combination could yield synergies. We conducted environmental assessments within a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh that implemented single and combined water treatment, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions (WASH Benefits, NCT01590095). After one and two years of intervention, we quantified fecal indicator bacteria in samples of drinking water (from source or storage), child hands, children's food and sentinel objects. In households receiving single water treatment interventions, Escherichia coli prevalence in stored drinking water was reduced by 50% and concentration by 1-log. E. coli prevalence in food was reduced by 30% and concentration by 0.5-log in households receiving single water treatment and handwashing interventions. Combined WSH did not reduce fecal contamination more effectively than its components. Interventions did not reduce E. coli in groundwater, on child hands and on objects. These findings suggest that WSH improvements reduced contamination along the direct transmission pathways of stored water and food but not along indirect upstream pathways. Our findings support implementing water treatment and handwashing to reduce fecal exposure through water and food but provide no evidence that combining interventions further reduces exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.