ReviewJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2018
The evolutionary old forebrain as site of action to develop new psychotropic drugs.
Review in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Birds may represent a useful animal model for studying human mental disorders.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Review
- Putative role of immune reactions in the mechanism of tardive dyskinesia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Review
- Polymorphisms in the adrenergic neurotransmission pathway impact antidepressant response in depressed patients.Neuroscience applied · 2023Article
- A New Paradigm to Indicate Antidepressant Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Study of Early Onset Schizophrenia: Associations ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms ofJournal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Neurobiological mechanisms associated with antipsychotic drug-induced dystonia.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Review
- Beyond Emotions: Oscillations of the Amygdala and Their Implications for Electrical Neuromodulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPreviously, the authors have developed a model of how reward-seeking and distress- avoiding behaviour is regulated by the human brain. The forebrain's evolution in vertebrates was taken as a starting point.
aimsThe authors want to inspire colleagues to study in particular the pharmacological effects on the described ancient forebrain structures in order to modify specific symptoms of mental disorders.
methodsCompilation of data and ideas of previous articles, with examples to illustrate.
resultsA primary (lamprey-like), secondary (frog-like) and tertiary (mammal-like) forebrain can be distinguished, organized according to a Russian doll model. The first constituent is primarily involved in producing the emotional response, while the last is principally concerned with constructing conscious cognitive behaviour (including verbal and written communication). Mental disorders comprise (partly related and partly unrelated) biological and rational phenomena. The secondary system regulates the intensity of reward-seeking and distress-avoiding behaviour. An essential component of the primary forebrain evaluates the results of behavioural actions: the lateral habenula-projecting pallidum. These neurons regulate the activity of ascending dopaminergic pathways. The authors suggest that these habenula-projecting pallidum neurons are targeted by subanaesthetic dosages of ketamine. The medial habenula is enriched with nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors and regulates the activity of ascending adrenergic and serotonergic neurons. This may link varenicline-induced hostility to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced aggression.
conclusionsStudying the effects of new compounds on the primary and secondary brains in lampreys and frogs may yield interesting new treatments of mental disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.