ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2018
A reassessment of the safety profile of monoamine oxidase inhibitors: elucidating tired old tyramine myths.
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- A successful switch from rasagiline to safinamide in a 49-year-old female with early-onset Parkinson's disease: a case report and review of literature.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Myeloid monoamine oxidase A protects against glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and weight gain in high-fat diet-fed mice by preventing the hyperactivation of macrophages.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2026Article
- Treating hearts and minds: adverse cardiovascular effects of psychiatric medications.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Review
- [Psychopharmacotherapy with the MAO-inhibitor Tranylcypromine Key Aspects and Trends in Theory and Practice].Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie · 2025Review
- Microbial Intervention in the Soaking Step during Tempeh Preparation to Modulate B Vitamin Contents: A Metabolomics Approach.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2025Article
- Acute Effects of Four Major Trace Amines on Zebrafish Behavioral, Neurochemical, and Neuroendocrine Responses.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Direct Electrochemical Detection of Tyramine in Beer Samples Using a MWCNTs Modified GCE.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Combined Metabolomic and NIRS Analyses Reveal Biochemical and Metabolite Changes in Goat Milk Kefir under Different Heat Treatments and Fermentation Times.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Pyrazoline Derivatives as Promising MAO-A Targeting Antidepressants: An Update.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Alterations in gut microbiome and metabolite profile of patients with Schistosoma japonicum infection.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Rethinking, reducing, and refining the classical oral tyramine challenge test of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists are monoamine oxidase-A selective inhibitors.The FEBS journal · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive NMR Analysis of Serum and Fecal Metabolites in Familial Dysautonomia Patients Reveals Significant Metabolic Perturbations.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Article
- Preliminary Investigation of Biogenic Amines in Type I Sourdoughs Produced at Home and Bakery Level.Toxins · 2022Article
- Clinically Relevant Drug Interactions with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.Health psychology research · 2022Article
- Nanoformulation improves antitumor efficacy of MAOI immune checkpoint blockade therapy without causing aggression-related side effects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Overview of the Neuroprotective Effects of the MAO-Inhibiting Antidepressant Phenelzine.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- The trace amine theory of spontaneous hypertension as induced by classic monoamine oxidase inhibitors.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Article
- Use of MAOIs in severe treatment-resistant depression: back to the old school.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review appraises over 150 recent original papers reporting data that demonstrate the greatly reduced tyramine content of modern-day 'foods', about which the medical literature has a paucity of information. It discusses the cardiovascular pharmacology of tyramine and the characteristics, extent, risks, and treatment of the blood pressure increases that sometimes result from tyramine ingestion (the pressor response). In past decades, cheese was the only food associated with documented fatalities resulting from hypertension. Today, few foods contain problematically high tyramine levels, which is a result of changes in international food production techniques (especially the use of starter cultures), and hygiene regulations. Nowadays, even 'matured' cheeses are usually safe in healthy-sized portions. The mechanism by which tyramine may be produced in foods (by certain micro-organisms) is explained and hundreds of recent estimations of cheeses are reviewed. Numerous other previously inadequately documented foods are reviewed, including fish and soy sauces, salami-type sausages, dried meats, beers, wines, and various condiments. Evidence that the risk of harm from the pressor response has previously been overstated is reviewed, and the iatrogenic harms from hasty and aggressive treatment of hypertensive urgency are re-evaluated. Evidence now suggests that MAOIs are of comparable safety to many newer drugs and are straightforward to use. Previously held concerns about MAOIs are misplaced and some are of over-estimated consequence. The variability of pressor sensitivity to tyramine between individuals means that the knowledge and judgement of doctors, and some care, are still required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.