ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2018
Differences in Cpg Island Distribution Between Subgenotypes of the Hepatitis B Virus Genotype.
Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus and Its Resistance-Associated Mutations in the Polymerase Gene in the Americas.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Generating mRNA Encoding Anti-HBV Designer Epigenome Modifiers.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- The establishment of reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 and variation analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes show genomic variations, resulting in different CpG islands in each HBV genotypes or subgenotype. This study aimed to establish reference sequences for each HBV subgenotype of A-H genotypes and to analyze the characteristics of the CpG islands. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 3,037 retrieved whole-genome sequences of HBV genotypes A-H from GenBank, 28 subgenotype reference sequences were established for these genotypes. CpG islands of the subgenotype reference sequences were analyzed, and 939 strains were selected from the 3,037 genomic sequences. Differences in CpG islands between subgenotypes were compared using the chi-squared and non-parametric tests. RESULTS Of the 28 subgenotype reference sequences established, 11 subgenotype reference sequences lacked CpG island I, and only F4 contained a new CpG island. Of all selected strains, 48.35% (454/939) contained three traditional CpG islands I, II, and III (no new islands); 45.05% (423/939) lacked CpG island I; 38.98% (366/939) contained only CpG islands II and III; and 12.46% (117/939) contained new islands (genotypes A1, D7) (genotype G had no new islands). Strains with or without CpG island I, or new islands between subgenotypes of each HBV genotype were significantly different (P<0.05). Strains containing CpG islands I, II, and III and new islands among different subtypes in HBV genotypes A, C, and F were significantly different (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Different HBV genotypes and subgenotypes had characteristic CpG island patterns. Strains with or without CpG island I, or new islands among subgenotypes of each HBV genotype, were significantly different.
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