ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2019
Determination of normal KOOS and WOMAC values in a healthy population.
Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transarterial Embolization in Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Mechanism of Action and Current Results.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of cementless twin-peg, cemented twin-peg and cemented single-peg femoral component migration after medial unicompartmental knee replacement: a 5-year randomized RSA study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Trial
- Does the Presence of Neuropathic Pain Influence the Response to Hyaluronic Acid in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis?Cartilage · 2021Trial
- Intra-articular and intra-osseous expanded adipose-derived stromal cell injections for knee osteoarthritis-related bone marrow lesions yield promising outcomes: Preliminary results in 16 athletes.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Long-term patient-reported knee-related outcomes and quality of life of patients with tibial plateau fractures: A mixed-methods study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Stromal Vascular Fraction Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Arm Experimental Trial.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Relationships between smoking, high BMI and the results of arthroscopic treatment of isolated medial meniscus tear - a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Return to sport and patient reported outcomes in athletes participating in martial arts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at mean follow-up of 12 years.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Association between clinical laboratory indicators and WOMAC scores in Qatar Biobank participants: The impact of testosterone and fibrinogen on pain, stiffness, and functional limitation.Scandinavian journal of pain · 2025Article
- Effects of total knee arthroplasty on symptoms, function and activity over 5 years in knee osteoarthritis: A propensity-score matched study.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Baseline levels of circulating galectin-1 associated with radiographic hand but not radiographic knee osteoarthritis at a two-year follow-up.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2024Article
- Article
- Prognostic value of illness perception on changes in knee pain among elderly individuals: Two-year results from the Frederiksberg Cohort study.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2023Article
- Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Knee Function: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Article
- Normo-or slightly overcorrection show better results after medial closing wedge high tibial osteotomy.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Major Increase in Incidence of Pediatric ACL Reconstructions From 2005 to 2021: A Study From the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register.The American journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- The ankle in XLH: Reduced motion, power and quality of life.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- At the Edge of Orthopaedics: Initial Experience with Transarterial Periarticular Embolization for Knee Osteoarthritis in a Romanian Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The subjective knee value is a valid single-item survey to assess knee function in common knee disorders.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2022Article
- Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: the Italian version of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 is valid and reliable to assess prosthesis awareness.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe KOOS questionnaire is used to assess the symptoms and function of patients with traumatic or degenerative knee pathology. The WOMAC score has been validated mainly in the context of knee osteoarthritis. The distribution of these scores in a non-diseased population is not known. The hypothesis was that KOOS and WOMAC scores were influenced by patients' age, sex, and BMI. The primary objective of this study was to describe, for the first time, the distribution of KOOS and WOMAC scores in a healthy population based on age, sex, and BMI.
methodsThis was a pilot (innovative), cross-sectional, international, multicenter, descriptive study. Persons accompanying patients to our clinic were invited to participate in this study by filling out the KOOS questionnaire. These data were also used to calculate the WOMAC score. The study was designed according to guidelines on pilot studies and planned to enroll a minimum of 30 subjects in each age, gender, and BMI group. Expected KOOS and WOMAC scores by age, gender, and BMI were determined using a linear regression model.
resultsSeven hundred and fourteen subjects were included: 305 men (42.7%) and 409 women (57.3%). For the KOOS score, as age increases, there was a decrease in the "ADL" (p = 0.0001) and "sport" (p = 0.0001) items and an increase in the "symptoms" (p = 0.0025) and "QOL" items (p = 0.0001). Women had lower scores (p < 0.05) than men on all the KOOS items, except "QOL". For the WOMAC, the "pain", "stiffness", and "function" items varied significantly based on age (p = 0.0203) and sex (p = 0.0121). The "stiffness" item varied significantly based on age (p = 0.0005) and sex (p = 0.0477). The "function" item varied significantly based on age (p = 0.0001) and sex (p = 0.0256). The expected value for the KOOS and WOMAC scores in a healthy population without any knee ailments were determined.
conclusionsThe KOOS and WOMAC scores vary significantly based on age, sex, and BMI in a healthy population. This study also provides KOOS and WOMAC values in a population without any knee issue. These scores can be used, in a daily practice, as a reference to assess functional outcomes after a surgical procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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