ArticleScientific reports2018
Dendritic cell maturation in the corneal epithelium with onset of type 2 diabetes is associated with tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
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- IVCM-Insight: automated interactive interpretation of in vivo confocal microscopy.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Gene expression profiling of dendritic cell tolerance dysfunction in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tear Fluid Biomarkers in Diabetic Ocular Surface Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Single-cell RNA profiling identifies immune cell population shifts in diabetes associated mucosal inflammation.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Altered Corneal T-Cell Motility and Sensory Nerve Features in Older Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Metformin therapy modifies corneal neuroimmune abnormalities in people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Obesity negatively impacts corneal nerves in patients with diabetes mellitus.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Article
- Corneal epithelial dendritic cells associated with ocular pain in dry eye disease.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Redefining our vision: an updated guide to the ocular immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Impact of Obesity and Age on Mouse Corneal Innervation at the Epithelial-Stromal Interface.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Neuropeptides in Patients with Dry Eye with and without Chronic Ocular Pain after FS-LASIK.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- Epithelial Immune Cell Response to Initial Soft Contact Lens Wear in the Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Increased dendritic cell density and altered morphology in allergic conjunctivitis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Observational
- The impact of donor diabetes on corneal transplant immunity.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2023Article
- Dendritiform immune cells with reduced antigen-capture capacity persist in the cornea during the asymptomatic phase of allergic conjunctivitis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Redefining the human corneal immune compartment using dynamic intravital imaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- In-vivo corneal confocal microscopy: Imaging analysis, biological insights and future directions.Communications biology · 2023Review
- Association between systemic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, and corneal nerve structure and function.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a low-grade inflammation; however, mechanisms leading to this inflammation in specific tissues are not well understood. The eye can be affected by diabetes; thus, we hypothesized that inflammatory changes in the eye may parallel the inflammation that develops with diabetes. Here, we developed a non-invasive means to monitor the status of inflammatory dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the corneal epithelium as a potential biomarker for the onset of inflammation in type 2 diabetes. In an age-matched cohort of 81 individuals with normal and impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, DCs were quantified from wide-area maps of the corneal epithelial sub-basal plexus, obtained using clinical in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). With the onset of diabetes, the proportion of mature, antigen-presenting DCs increased and became organized in clusters. Out of 92 plasma proteins analysed in the cohort, tumor necrosis factor receptor super family member 9 (TNFRSF9) was associated with the observed maturation of DCs from an immature to mature antigen-presenting phenotype. A low-grade ocular surface inflammation observed in this study, where resident immature dendritic cells are transformed into mature antigen-presenting cells in the corneal epithelium, is a process putatively associated with TNFRSF9 signalling and may occur early in the development of type 2 diabetes. IVCM enables this process to be monitored non-invasively in the eye.
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