ArticleDifferentiation; research in biological diversity
Development of the human penis and clitoris.
Article in Differentiation; research in biological diversity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential mechanisms underlying phthalate-induced hypospadias: a systematic review of rodent model studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- The Morphology of the Genital Tubercle: A Macroscopic Assessment and Ultrasound Approach on Early Fetal Sex Determination.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The periodical formation of the vaginal closure membrane in guinea pigs is a regeneration process maintained by a special stem cell niche.Research square · 2026Article
- Genetic Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Hypospadias.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- The pathoanatomy of cancer: order in paradox.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Urothelial-lined perineal masses in hypospadias: clinical and pathological insights.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Transperineal Vulvar Ultrasound: A Review of Normal and Abnormal Findings with a Proposed Standardized Methodology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Chordee and hooded prepuce with no hypospadias; outcome of urethral preservation surgery with spongioplasty.BMC urology · 2025Article
- The ratio of COL2A1:COL1A1 in dartos tissue patients with hypospadias.BMC urology · 2025Article
- Isolation and characterization of epithelial cells and fibroblasts from the human penile urethra.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Update vulval dermatology - diagnostics and therapy.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Review
- Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on the Genitourinary Tract.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- Triphallia: the first cadaveric description of internal penile triplication: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Impact of maternal stress on metabolism and penile morphology in young offspring rats.Histology and histopathology · 2024Article
- Neurovascular anatomy of the developing human fetal penis and clitoris.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Anatomy of the clitoris: the corona of the glans clitoris, clitoral coronal papillae, and the coronopreputial frenulum.Anatomy & cell biology · 2024Article
- New uses for an old technique: live imaging on the slice organ culture to study reproductive processes†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- Microphallus early management in infancy saves adulthood sensual life: A comprehensive review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2024Review
- Simultaneous Surgery of the Clitoral Hood-Labia Minora Complex with the Central Neurovascular Pedicle Retained.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human penis and clitoris develop from the ambisexual genital tubercle. To compare and contrast the development of human penis and clitoris, we used macroscopic photography, optical projection tomography, light sheet microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The human genital tubercle differentiates into a penis under the influence of androgens forming a tubular urethra that develops by canalization of the urethral plate to form a wide diamond-shaped urethral groove (opening zipper) whose edges (urethral folds) fuse in the midline (closing zipper). In contrast, in females, without the influence of androgens, the vestibular plate (homologue of the urethral plate) undergoes canalization to form a wide vestibular groove whose edges (vestibular folds) remain unfused, ultimately forming the labia minora defining the vaginal vestibule. The neurovascular anatomy is similar in both the developing human penis and clitoris and is the key to successful surgical reconstructions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.