ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2018
Cytokine release syndrome: grading, modeling, and new therapy.
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and clinical efficacy of BCMA CAR-T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Yidu-toxicity blocking lung decoction ameliorates inflammation in severe pneumonia of SARS-COV-2 patients with Yidu-toxicity blocking lung syndrome by eliminating IL-6 and TNF-a.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2020Trial
- Advancements in multiple myeloma treatment: Integrating quadruplet and dual antigen CAR-T therapy.iScience · 2026Review
- Baseline immunonutritional status drives CAR T-cell efficacy, survival, and safety in R/R lymphoma: validation of a pre-lymphodepletion PNI threshold.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Article
- PANoptosis in Cytokine Release Syndrome: Bridging the Gap between Inflammation and Cell Death.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Novel Prognostic Scoring Systems for Severe CRS after Anti-CD19 CAR-T-Cells in Acute B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Current medical science · 2025Article
- Rare early hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis inducing hemophagocytic syndrome in conflict treatment.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Emerging Strategies of Cell and Gene Therapy Targeting Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Review
- Targeting T cells with tetravalent bispecific antibodies for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease.Blood advances · 2025Article
- The roles of KRAS in cancer metabolism, tumor microenvironment and clinical therapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Influence of CAR T-cell therapy associated complications.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Perils and Problems in Bispecific T-Cell Engager Antibodies.Current drug safety · 2025Review
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: current treatment advances, emerging targeted therapy and underlying mechanisms.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- A novel safer CD19CAR with shRNA interference of IFN-γ can reduce multiple cytokine levels without significantly compromising its killing efficacy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Article
- Tumor immunity: A brief overview of tumor‑infiltrating immune cells and research advances into tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes in gynecological malignancies (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting A56 viral protein implanted by oncolytic virus.iScience · 2024Article
- Cytokine-based models for efficient differentiation between infection and cytokine release syndrome in patients with hematological malignancies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genetically modified T cells that express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are opening a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy. CAR T cells currently are in clinical trials for many cancer types. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicities (CAR-related encephalopathy syndrome, CRES) are major adverse events limiting wide deployment of the CAR T cell treatment. Major efforts are ongoing to characterize the pathogenesis and etiology of CRS and CRES. Mouse models have been established to facilitate the study of pathogenesis of the major toxicities of CAR T cells. Myeloid cells including macrophages and monocytes, not the CAR T cells, were found to be the major cells mediating CRS and CRES by releasing IL-1 and IL-6 among other cytokines. Blocking IL-1 or depletion of monocytes abolished both CRS and CRES, whereas IL-6 blocker can ameliorate CRS but not CRES. Therefore, both IL-1 and IL-6 are major cytokines for CRS, though IL-1 is responsible for CRES. It was also demonstrated in the mouse models that blocking CRS does not interfere with the CAR T cell antitumor functions. We summarized new developments in the grading, modeling, and possible new therapeutic approaches for CRS and CRES in this review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.