ArticleBMC psychiatry2018
The Erlangen test of activities of daily living in persons with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment (ETAM) - an extended validation.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of performance-based functional capacity measures for use in Huntington's disease and evaluation of their suitability for clinical trials.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2025Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of a non-pharmacological treatment vs. "care as usual" in day care centers for community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment: results from the German randomized controlled DeTaMAKS-trial.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2020Trial
- Can brief telephone interventions reduce caregiver burden and depression in caregivers of people with cognitive impairment? - long-term results of the German day-care study (RCT).BMC geriatrics · 2019Trial
- Article
- The prediction model of fall risk for the elderly based on gait analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Cognitive Training With Head-Mounted Display Virtual Reality in Neurorehabilitation: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR serious games · 2023Article
- Mixed Reality Prototype of Multimodal Screening for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairments in Older Adults: Protocol Development and Usability Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is a central marker in the diagnosis and progression of the dementia syndrome. ADLs can be identified as basic ADLs (BADLs), which are fairly easy to perform, or instrumental ADLs (IADLs), which involve more complex activities. Presently, the only performance-based assessment of IADL capabilities in persons with cognitive impairment is the Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living in Persons with Mild Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (ETAM). The aim of the present study was to revalidate the ETAM in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia and to analyze its application to persons with moderate dementia.
methodsWe used baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial involving a sample of 443 users of 34 day-care centers in Germany. We analyzed groups of persons with MCI, mild dementia, and moderate dementia, categorized on the basis of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). An item analysis was performed, and new discriminant validities were calculated. We computed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the postulated theoretical model of the ETAM with all six items loading on a single IADL factor. This was the first time that the ETAM's sensitivity to change was analyzed after a time period of 6 months.
resultsThe overall sample scored on average 17.3 points (SD = 7.2) on the ETAM (range: 0-30 points). Persons with MCI scored on average 23.2 points, persons with mild dementia scored 18.4 points, and persons with moderate dementia scored 12.9 points, p < .001 (ANOVA). The item analysis yielded good difficulty indices and discrimination powers. The CFA indicated a good fit between the model and the observed data. After 6 months, both the ETAM score at baseline and the change in MMSE score (t0-t1) were significant predictors of the ETAM score at t1.
conclusionsThe ETAM is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing IADL capabilities in persons with MCI or mild dementia. It is sensitive to changes in cognitive abilities. The test parameters confirm its application to persons with moderate dementia.
trial registrationIdentifier: ISRCTN16412551 (Registration date: 30 July 2014, registered retrospectively).
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