Trial reportBMC medicine2018
Inflammation and micronutrient biomarkers predict clinical HIV treatment failure and incident active TB in HIV-infected adults: a case-control study.
Trial report in BMC medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators of inflammation in HIV: effect of aspirin intervention.EBioMedicine · 2023Trial
- Integrative Multi-Omics Reveals Serum Markers of Tuberculosis in Advanced HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Mechanistic insights into the impact of prenatal viral infections on maternal and offspring immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Inflammation, antiretroviral therapy continuation, and HIV disease progression in postpartum women with HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Chemistry, Occurrence, Properties, Applications, and Encapsulation of Carotenoids-A Review.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Early on-treatment plasma interleukin-18 as a promising indicator for long-term virological response in patients with HIV-1 infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Malnutrition leads to increased inflammation and expression of tuberculosis risk signatures in recently exposed household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Death-related factors in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing hemodialysis in an intensive care unit.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2021Article
- Lipid mediators of inflammation and Resolution in individuals with tuberculosis and tuberculosis-Diabetes.Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators · 2020Article
- Global and regional trends of people living with HIV aged 50 and over: Estimates and projections for 2000-2020.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVarious individual biomarkers of inflammation and micronutrient status, often correlated with each other, are associated with adverse treatment outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. The objective of this study was to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on multiple inflammation and micronutrient biomarkers to identify biomarker groupings (factors) and determine their association with HIV clinical treatment failure (CTF) and incident active tuberculosis (TB).
methodsWithin a multicountry randomized trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (PEARLS) among HIV-infected adults, we nested a case-control study (n = 290; 124 cases, 166 controls) to identify underlying factors, based on EFA of 23 baseline (pre-ART) biomarkers of inflammation and micronutrient status. The EFA biomarker groupings results were used in Cox proportional hazards models to study the association with CTF (primary analysis where cases were incident World Health Organization stage 3, 4 or death by 96 weeks of ART) or incident active TB (secondary analysis).
resultsIn the primary analysis, based on eigenvalues> 1 in the EFA, three factors were extracted: (1) carotenoids), (2) other nutrients, and (3) inflammation. In multivariable-adjusted models, there was an increased hazard of CTF (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI)1.17-1.84) per unit increase of inflammation factor score. In the secondary incident active TB case-control analysis, higher scores of the high carotenoids and low interleukin-18 factor was protective against incident active TB (aHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.87).
conclusionFactors identified through EFA were associated with adverse outcomes in HIV-infected individuals. Strategies focused on reducing adverse HIV outcomes through therapeutic interventions that target the underlying factor (e.g., inflammation) rather than focusing on an individual observed biomarker might be more effective and warrant further investigation.
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