ArticleEnvironment international2018
Urinary cadmium concentrations and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014.
Article in Environment international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of cadmium exposure with risk of metabolic syndrome and its individual components: a meta-analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- The association between environmental cadmium exposure, blood pressure, and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- An updated systematic review on the association between Cd exposure, blood pressure and hypertension.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2021Pooled it
- Serum cotinine-assessed tobacco exposure, cadmium co-exposure, and childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Association between urinary cadmium exposure and metabolic syndrome and the mediating role of thyroid dysfunction: NHANES 2007 to 2012.Medicine · 2026Article
- Cobalt mediates stage-specific toxicity of metal mixtures in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations between metal exposure and metabolic syndrome: exploring the mediating role of biological ageing among US adults.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Cumulative environmental exposures and metabolic syndrome: A study of heavy metals and volatile organic compounds.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2025Article
- Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Investigation of the relationship between lead exposure in heavy metals mixtures and the prevalence of stroke: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The association between heavy metal exposure and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- The relationship between heavy metals and metabolic syndrome using machine learning.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Association between serum copper and blood glucose: a mediation analysis of inflammation indicators in the NHANES (2011-2016).Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Review
- Associations of dichlorophenol with metabolic syndrome based on multivariate-adjusted logistic regression: a U.S. nationwide population-based study 2003-2016.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Association between Heavy Metals, Metalloids and Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights and Approaches.Toxics · 2023Review
- Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Sex-dependent vascular effects of cadmium sub-chronic exposure on rats.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLow to moderate acute cadmium exposure has been associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease. Little is known about the association between urinary cadmium levels-an indicator of longer-term exposure-and metabolic syndrome (MetS).
methodsWe analysed data from 3982 participants aged 20-<80 years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014. Urinary cadmium levels were measured and adjusted for creatinine using spot urine samples. Cadmium levels were evaluated in quintiles (Q). MetS was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report criteria. Prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression accounting for complex survey design, while adjusting for potential confounders and stratifying by sex and smoking status.
resultsIn the overall study population, there was a marginal inverse association between urinary cadmium and MetS (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5-1.0). Sex stratified models were similar. When examining individual components of MetS, participants with higher levels of urinary cadmium had decreased odds of abdominal obesity (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.6), but increased odds for low HDL (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.1). Among current smokers, higher urinary cadmium was associated with increased odds of MetS, hypertension, and low HDL even after accounting for serum cotinine-a marker of smoking intensity.
conclusionsHigher levels of urinary cadmium, a marker of long term exposure, were not associated with an increased risk of MetS in the overall study population. However, higher urine cadmium was associated with altered MetS components. Current smokers were the most vulnerable group, with higher long-term cadmium exposure being associated with increased risk of MetS, low HDL, and hypertension.
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