ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2019
Effects of Nicotine Metabolic Rate on Withdrawal Symptoms and Response to Cigarette Smoking After Abstinence.
Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A multi-site study examining the tobacco withdrawal trajectory in people with tobacco and cannabis co-use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Relationships Between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Laboratory Assessments of Smoking Reinforcement and Craving Among Adults in a Smoking Cessation Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Correlates of the nicotine metabolite ratio in Alaska Native people who smoke cigarettes.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Nicotine metabolite ratio and clinically significant depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: A smoker-specific association.Medicine · 2026Observational
- The Role of Nicotine Metabolic Rate on Nicotine Dependence and Rewarding: Nicotine Metabolism in Chinese Male Smokers and Male Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2A6.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Can Treatment Support Mitigate Nicotine Metabolism-Based Disparities in Smoking Abstinence? Secondary Analysis of the Helping HAND 4 Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Examining racial differences in smoking outcomes among smokers enrolled in an intravenous nicotine infusion study.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Smoking cessation and vaccination.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Article
- Comparison of periodontal status and salivary IL-15 and -18 levels in cigarette-smokers and individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Review
- Associations of biomarkers for exposure to tobacco smoke with lung cancer risk in Korea.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2022Article
- Withdrawal Symptoms among Cigarette and Waterpipe Smokers: A Study in Natural Setting.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2021Article
- Effects of Nicotine Metabolic Rate on Cigarette Reinforcement.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Response to nicotine following overnight smoking abstinence during short-term progesterone treatment in women.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- The Use of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio as a Biomarker to Personalize Smoking Cessation Treatment: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Review
- The Effects of Nicotine on Development.Pediatrics · 2020Review
- The Novel CYP2A6 Inhibitor, DLCI-1, Decreases Nicotine Self-Administration in Mice.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2020Article
- The influence of nicotine metabolic rate on working memory over 6 hours of abstinence from nicotine.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Relationship between skin melanin index and nicotine pharmacokinetics in African American smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of the rate of nicotine metabolism, as indicated by the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), on tobacco dependence. We stratified 136 smokers on the basis of saliva NMR as fast (n = 65) and slow (n = 71) metabolizers. Two "loading cigarettes" were smoked after overnight, and a "reward cigarette" was smoked after 6 hours of daytime, abstinence. Blood nicotine concentrations, expired carbon monoxide, withdrawal/craving, and reward questionnaires were collected before/after smoking and during daytime abstinence. Compared with slow metabolizers, fast metabolizers had a shorter nicotine elimination half-life (P < 0.001), lower plasma nicotine concentrations (P < 0.001), and higher withdrawal/craving scores (P < 0.05) for most times during daytime abstinence, indicating that fast metabolizers are likely smoking more to relieve withdrawal symptoms (negative reinforcement). Reward/satisfaction scores were similar in fast and slow metabolizers, suggesting that faster nicotine metabolism, assessed by NMR, is not associated with greater positive reinforcement. CYP2A6 normal (n = 82) and reduced (n = 42) genotype predicted plasma nicotine concentrations but not withdrawal symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.