ArticleEuropean radiology2019
Repeatability and reproducibility of FreeSurfer, FSL-SIENAX and SPM brain volumetric measurements and the effect of lesion filling in multiple sclerosis.
Article in European radiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enlarged perivascular spaces in multiple sclerosis on magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of gadolinium-based contrast-agents on automated brain atrophy measurements by FreeSurfer in patients with multiple sclerosis.European radiology · 2022Trial
- Dissociating Fatigue and Fatigability in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Cognitive Processing Speed.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Hippocampal Atrophy Following Therapeutic Irradiation of Intracranial and Nasopharyngeal Tumors.Cureus · 2025Review
- White matter hyperintensity segmentation of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorders using 2.5D FrC-ResUnet.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Advanced Neuroimaging and Emerging Systemic Therapies in Glioblastoma: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Estimation of reference curves for brain atrophy and analysis of robustness to machine effects.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of brain volume in hippocampal sclerotic temporal lobe epilepsy using automatic brain segmentation technology.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- The effect of lesion filling on brain age estimation in multiple sclerosis.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- A FastSurfer Database for Age-Specific Brain Volumes in Healthy Children: A Tool for Quantifying Localized and Global Brain Volume Alterations in Pediatric Patients.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Post mortem cadaveric and imaging mapping analysis of the influence of cochlear implants on cMRI assessment regarding implant positioning and artifact formation.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Ethnoracial disparities in gray matter atrophy are mediated by structural disconnectivity in multiple sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Bi-Directional MS Lesion Filling and Synthesis Using Denoising Diffusion Implicit Model-based Lesion Repainting.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2025Article
- Predictive Value of Brain Volumetry in the Response to Subthalamotomy Using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- FastSurfer-LIT: Lesion inpainting tool for whole-brain MRI segmentation with tumors, cavities, and abnormalities.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- BrainAgeNeXt: Advancing brain age modeling for individuals with multiple sclerosis.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- SynthSR-generated 3D T1-weighted MRI from routine 2D clinical images: Validation for VSRAD analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Glymphatic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis and its association with disease pathology and disability.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Evaluating age-and gender-related changes in brain volumes in normal adult using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Deep learning-based super-resolution of structural brain MRI at 1.5 T: application to quantitative volume measurement.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare the cross-sectional robustness of commonly used volumetric software and effects of lesion filling in multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsNine MS patients (six females; age 38±13 years, disease duration 7.3±5.2 years) were scanned twice with repositioning on three MRI scanners (Siemens Aera 1.5T, Avanto 1.5T, Trio 3.0T) the same day. Volumetric T
resultsVariability in volumetrics was lower within than between scanners (CoV 0.17-0.96% vs. 0.65-5.0%, p<0.001). All software provided similarly robust segmentations of the brain volume on the same scanner (CoV 0.17-0.28%, p=0.076). Normalisation improved inter-scanner reproducibility in FreeSurfer and SPM-based methods, but the FSL-SIENAX scaling factor did not improve robustness. Generally, SPM-based methods produced the most consistent volumetrics, while FreeSurfer was more robust for WM volumes on different scanners. FreeSurfer had more robust normalised brain and GM volumes on different scanners than FSL-SIENAX (p=0.004). MS lesion filling changed the output of FSL-SIENAX, SPM and SPM-CAT but not FreeSurfer.
conclusionsConsistent use of the same scanner is essential and normalisation to the intracranial volume is recommended for multiple scanners. Based on robustness, SPM-based methods are particularly suitable for cross-sectional volumetry. FreeSurfer poses a suitable alternative with WM segmentations less sensitive to MS lesions. KEY POINTS: • The same scanner should be used for brain volumetry. If different scanners are used, the intracranial volume normalisation improves the FreeSurfer and SPM robustness (but not the FSL scaling factor). • FreeSurfer, FSL and SPM all provide robust measures of the whole brain volume on the same MRI scanner. SPM-based methods overall provide the most robust segmentations (except white matter segmentations on different scanners where FreeSurfer is more robust). • MS lesion filling with Lesion Segmentation Toolbox changes the output of FSL-SIENAX and SPM. FreeSurfer output is not affected by MS lesion filling since it already takes white matter hypointensities into account and is therefore particularly suitable for MS brain volumetry.
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