ArticleSexually transmitted infections2019
Prevalence and correlates of and a risk score to identify asymptomatic anorectal gonorrhoea and chlamydia infection among men who have sex with men in Kisumu, Kenya.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying youth at high risk for sexually transmitted infections in community-based settings using a risk prediction tool: a validation study.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Urethral and Rectal STIs Among a Cross-Sectional Sample Men Who Have Sex With Men.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026Article
- World Health Organization-Recommended Periodic Presumptive Treatment Versus Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infection Control Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Kenya: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women and key populations in Kenya: A multi-centre cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- High prevalence of STIs among men engaged in transactional sex and alcohol use in western Kenya: important implications for STI prevention interventions.Sexually transmitted infections · 2025Article
- The role of co-infections and hormonal contraceptives in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia prevalence among women referred to a tertiary hospital in Western Kenya.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Challenges and Solutions to STI Control in the Era of HIV and STI Prophylaxis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Inadequate performance of a risk score to predict asymptomaticSexually transmitted infections · 2023Article
- Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2023Article
- Rectal gonorrhoea and chlamydia among men who have sex with men in coastal Kenya.Wellcome open research · 2019Article
- Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Kenya - sexually transmitted and ocular infections: a scoping review.Therapeutic advances in reproductive healthArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIn settings where laboratory capacity is limited, the WHO recommends presumptive treatment for
methodsAnorectal NG/CT infections were diagnosed by the Abbott RealTime NG/CT nucleic acid amplification testamong 698 MSM at enrolment into the Anza Mapema study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of anorectal NG/CT infection in men with and without anorectal symptoms. Using coefficients from the final multivariable model for asymptomatic men, we calculated a risk score for each participant. Risk score performance was determined by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and number needed to treat (NNT) to identify one NG/CT infection.
resultsOverall anorectal NG/CT infection prevalence was 5.2% (n=36), of which 58.3% (n=21) were asymptomatic. Factors associated with anorectal NG/CT infection in asymptomatic men were aged 18-24 years (aOR=7.6; 95% CI: 1.7 to 33.2), HIV positive serostatus (aOR=6.9; 95% CI: 2.2 to 21.6) and unprotected anal sex in the past 3 months (aOR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.2 to 11.9). Sensitivity and specificity were optimal (81.0% and 66.1%, respectively) at a model-derived risk score cut-point ≥3, and the NNT was 12.
conclusionsA model-derived risk score based on correlates of anorectal NG/CT infection in asymptomatic participants would be sensitive and efficient (i.e, low NNT) for targeting presumptive treatment. If validated in other settings, this risk score could improve on the WHO algorithm and help reduce the burden of asymptomatic anorectal NG/CT infections among MSM in settings where diagnostic testing is not available.
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