ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2018
Population pharmacokinetics of extended-release levetiracetam in epileptic dogs when administered alone, with phenobarbital or zonisamide.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retrospective study on canine idiopathic epilepsy treatment in primary care practices in the United States.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of a Compounded Levetiracetam Formulation and Bioequivalence to a Commercial Formulation in Healthy Dogs.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Pregabalin Add-On vs. Dose Increase in Levetiracetam Add-On Treatment: A Real-Life Trial in Dogs With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Population pharmacokinetics of extended-release levetiracetam in epileptic dogs when administered alone, with phenobarbital or zonisamide.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2018Article
- Pharmacokinetics of pimobendan after oral administration to dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExtended-release levetiracetam (LEV-XR) has gained acceptance as an antiepileptic drug in dogs. No studies have evaluated its disposition in dogs with epilepsy. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics of LEV-XR in epileptic dogs when administered alone or with phenobarbital or zonisamide. ANIMALS: Eighteen client-owned dogs on steady-state maintenance treatment with LEV-XR (Group L, n = 6), LEV-XR and phenobarbital (Group LP, n = 6), or LEV-XR and zonisamide (Group LZ, n = 6).
methodsPharmacokinetic study. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after LEV-XR was administered with food. Plasma LEV concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. A population pharmacokinetic approach and nonlinear mixed effects modeling were used to analyze the data.
resultsTreatment group accounted for most of the interindividual variation. The LP group had lower C CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Considerable variation exists in the pharmacokinetics of LEV-XR in dogs with epilepsy being treated with a common dose regimen. Concurrent administration of phenobarbital contributed significantly to the variation. Other factors evaluated, including co-administration of zonisamide, were not shown to contribute to the variability. Drug monitoring may be beneficial to determine the most appropriate dose of LEV-XR in individual dogs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.