ArticleFood & nutrition research2018
Adherence to the Healthy Nordic Food Index in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort.
Article in Food & nutrition research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the association between dietary patterns and health-related quality of life.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2020Pooled it
- The Educational Gradient in the Adherence to the Healthy Nordic Food Index Among Adult Men and Women in Tromsø: The Tromsø study 2015-2016.Food & nutrition research · 2026Article
- Adherence to the healthy nordic food index is associated with favorable obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors among apparently healthy obese individuals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A scoping review of approaches used to develop plant-based diet quality indices.Current developments in nutrition · 2023Article
- Non-linear associations between healthy Nordic foods and all-cause mortality in the NOWAC study: a prospective study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Gut microbiota is associated with dietary intake and metabolic markers in healthy individuals.Food & nutrition research · 2022Article
- Development and description of New Nordic Diet scores across infancy and childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Perspective: Whole and Refined Grains and Health-Evidence Supporting "Make Half Your Grains Whole".Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2024
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh adherence to the Healthy Nordic Food Index has been associated with better health outcomes, but the results have not been consistent. The association between high adherence and higher intake of energy and healthy and less healthy foods has been persistent across countries, highlighting the need to examine potential confounding by energy intake.
objectiveThis study aimed to examine energy-adjusted dietary factors and lifestyle factors related to the index in a Norwegian context.
designThe study was cross-sectional within the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort and included 81,516 women aged 41-76. Information about habitual food intake was based on a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The index incorporated six food groups (fish, root vegetables, cabbages, apples/pears, whole grain bread, and breakfast cereals). Ordered trend and regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the index and lifestyle and dietary factors with energy-adjusted models.
resultsNearly one out of four women (22.8%) had low adherence, 49.0% had medium adherence, and 28.2% had high adherence to the index. Intake of energy and of both healthy and less healthy foods increased with increased adherence. Energy adjustment removed the associations between less healthy foods and high adherence and demonstrated a better dietary composition in high adherers. The healthy Nordic foods contributed more to the total food intake in high versus low adherers, and high adherence was associated with a healthier lifestyle.
conclusionHigh adherence was associated with a healthier lifestyle, both concerning diet and other factors. Energy adjustment of potential confounding foods removed associations between high adherence and less healthy foods. The Nordic foods accounted for a larger fraction of the diet among high adherers, at the expense of other healthy foods. Careful adjustment for confounders is warranted when assessing associations between the index and health outcomes.
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