Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30235936›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2019

Solid Fuel Use and Risks of Respiratory Diseases. A Cohort Study of 280,000 Chinese Never-Smokers.

Ka Hung Chan, Om P Kurmi, Derrick A Bennett, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Yunlong Tan, Pei Pei, Xunfu Zhong, Jianxin Chen, Jun Zhang and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. RuralEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Pooled it
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  20. Household Air Pollution, Passive Smoking, and Lung Cancer: Do We Know Enough about This Conundrum?American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ka Hung Chan1 Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7430-589X
Om P Kurmi1 Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9518-4716
Derrick A Bennett1 Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9170-8447
Ling Yang1 Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Yiping Chen1 Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Yunlong Tan3 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Pei Pei3 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xunfu Zhong4 Pengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pengzhou, China.
Jianxin Chen5 Pengzhou People's Hospital, Pengzhou, China.
Jun Zhang6 Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China; and.
Haidong Kan7 School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Richard Peto1 Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Kin Bong Hubert Lam1 Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1228-3362
Zhengming Chen1 Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6423-105X
China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_U137686851Medical Research Council MC_UU_00017/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12026/2Medical Research Council MR/P025080/1Wellcome Trust 088158Wellcome Trust 104085Wellcome Trust 202922Wellcome Trust 212946/Z/18/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleLittle evidence from large-scale cohort studies exists about the relationship of solid fuel use with hospitalization and mortality from major respiratory diseases.

objectivesTo examine the associations of solid fuel use and risks of acute and chronic respiratory diseases.

methodsA cohort study of 277,838 Chinese never-smokers with no prior major chronic diseases at baseline. During 9 years of follow-up, 19,823 first hospitalization episodes or deaths from major respiratory diseases, including 10,553 chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD), 4,398 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 7,324 acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), were recorded. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for disease risks associated with self-reported primary cooking fuel use. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN

resultsOverall, 91% of participants reported regular cooking, with 52% using solid fuels. Compared with clean fuel users, solid fuel users had an adjusted HR of 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-1.40) for major respiratory diseases, whereas those who switched from solid to clean fuels had a weaker HR (1.14, 1.10-1.17). The HRs were higher in wood (1.37, 1.33-1.41) than coal users (1.22, 1.15-1.29) and in those with prolonged use (≥40 yr, 1.54, 1.48-1.60; <20 yr, 1.32, 1.26-1.39), but lower among those who used ventilated than nonventilated cookstoves (1.22, 1.19-1.25 vs. 1.29, 1.24-1.35). For CLRD, COPD, and ALRI, the HRs associated with solid fuel use were 1.47 (1.41-1.52), 1.10 (1.03-1.18), and 1.16 (1.09-1.23), respectively.

conclusionsAmong Chinese adults, solid fuel use for cooking was associated with higher risks of major respiratory disease admissions and death, and switching to clean fuels or use of ventilated cookstoves had lower risk than not switching.

Indexed as

CookingAdultAgedAir Pollution, IndoorChinaCoalCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesFossil FuelsHumansMaleMiddle AgedRespiration DisordersRisk FactorsSmokeCoalFossil FuelsSmokeacute lower respiratory infectionchronic obstructive pulmonary diseasehousehold air pollutionsolid fuels

Identifiers

PMID30235936
PMCPMC6363974

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.