ArticleOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry2018
iPhone-based Pupillometry: A Novel Approach for Assessing the Pupillary Light Reflex.
Article in Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of a Portable, Motorized, and Remotely Controlled Slit Lamp Imaging Adaptor Prototype for Head-Mounted Displays.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Trial
- A rapid pupillometry protocol for clinical use: effect of age and test-retest repeatability.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- SmartPLR: a digital solution for AI-powered smartphone pupillometry.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A rapid pupillometry protocol for clinical use: Effect of age and test-retest repeatability.Research square · 2025Article
- The nexus between pupillary constriction characteristics and accommodative facility: A quantitative and correlational study.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Video-based pupillometry using Fourier Mellin image correlation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- IMI-Instrumentation for Myopia Management.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Observational
- Electric field stimulation directs target-specific axon regeneration and partial restoration of vision after optic nerve crush injury.PloS one · 2025Article
- Smartphone-based pupillometry in resource-limited settings: an 'eye-catching' prospect.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Smartphone-Based Pupillometry Using Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Sports-Related Concussion.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development of a Smartphone-Based System for Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells Targeted Chromatic Pupillometry.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Role of Automated Infrared Pupillometry in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Smartphone Pupillometry and Machine Learning for Detection of Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Cohort Study.JMIR neurotechnology · 2024Article
- The Role of Ophthalmology in Tele-Stroke Consults for Triaging Acute Vision Loss.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2024Article
- Eye reactions under the influence of drugs of abuse as measured by smartphones: a controlled clinical study in healthy volunteers.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Introduction of Deep Learning-Based Infrared Image Analysis to Marginal Reflex Distance1 Measurement Method to Simultaneously Capture Images and Compute Results: Clinical Validation Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Racially fair pupillometry measurements for RGB smartphone cameras using the far red spectrum.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Application of Pupillometry in Neurocritical Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
significanceThe response of the pupil to a flash of light, the pupillary light reflex (PLR), is an important measure in optometry and in other fields of medicine that is typically evaluated by qualitative observation. Here we describe a simple, portable, iPhone-based pupillometer that quantifies the PLR in real time. PURPOSES: The purposes of this study were to describe a novel application that records the PLR and to compare its technical capabilities with a laboratory-based infrared (IR) camera system.
methodsPupil sizes were measured from 15 visually normal subjects (age, 19 to 65 years) using an IR camera system and the Sensitometer test. This test elicits pupillary constriction using the iPhone flash, records pupil size using the camera, and provides measurements in real time. Simultaneous recordings were obtained with the Sensitometer test and IR camera, and two measures were calculated: (1) dark-adapted steady-state pupil size and (2) minimum pupil size after the flash. The PLR was defined as the difference between these two measures. Pupil size was also recorded during the redilation phase after the flash. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the limits of agreement between the two methods.
resultsStatistically significant correlations between the IR and Sensitometer test measures were found for the PLR (r = 0.91, P < .001) and redilation size (r = 0.65, P = .03). Bland-Altman analysis indicated a mean PLR difference of 6% between these two methods. The PLR limit of agreement was 14%, indicating that 95% of subjects are expected to have IR and Sensitometer test measurements that differ by 14% or less. Bland-Altman analysis indicated a mean redilation size difference of 1% between the two methods; the limit of agreement was 5%.
conclusionsThere is excellent agreement between pupil responses recorded using the Sensitometer test and IR camera. The Sensitometer test provides a highly promising approach for simple, portable, inexpensive pupillary measurements.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.