ReviewPain2018
When pain gets stuck: the evolution of pain chronification and treatment resistance.
Review in Pain, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 124 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neuroplasticity of Pain Pathways and Corneal Afferent Regeneration Following Corneal Crosslinking (CXL) in Keratoconus
Pre-op CBT to Reduce the Risk for Development of Chronic Post-surgical Pain in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Various Virtual Reality Exposure Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- The Role of Biomarkers in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Virtual reality is effective in the management of chronic low back ache in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Pooled it
- Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of a Remote Person-Centered Intervention Using an eHealth Platform and Telephone Support for Persons With Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Evaluating the effects of a sedentary time reduction intervention on pain, mood, and quality of life in chronic low back pain: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Trial
- Exploring HD-tDCS Effect on μ-opioid Receptor and Pain Sensitivity in Temporomandibular Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Study.The journal of pain · 2024Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Neuroimaging Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Fibromyalgia Pain.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Trial
- Effect of Regular Electrotherapy on Spinal Flexibility and Pain Sensitivity in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain and Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blinded Pilot Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Trial
- Effect of Electroacupuncture on Shoulder Subluxation in Poststroke Patients with Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Sham-Controlled Study Using Multidimensional Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Assessment.Pain research & managementTrial
- Chronic Pain in Older Adults: Risk Factors and Prevention.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Rehabilitation Experiences and Support Needs of Patients With Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain Based on the ICF Framework: A Qualitative Study.Musculoskeletal care · 2026Article
- Chronic ocular pain is associated with smaller selective hippocampal subfield in highly symptomatic patients.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- Short-Term Nociceptive Memory: Reduced Discriminability and Multiple Encoding Biases.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Brachial Plexus Wrapping by Free Perforator Fat Flap for Treatment of Recurrent Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Predicting the course of high-impact chronic pain using machine learning algorithms.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- Chronic Pain and Opioids in the Elderly: Treating the Brain, Not Just the Body.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Article
- The Economic burden of opioid-related serious adverse events and undertreatment of acute pain in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It is well-recognized that, despite similar pain characteristics, some people with chronic pain recover, whereas others do not. In this review, we discuss possible contributions and interactions of biological, social, and psychological perturbations that underlie the evolution of treatment-resistant chronic pain. Behavior and brain are intimately implicated in the production and maintenance of perception. Our understandings of potential mechanisms that produce or exacerbate persistent pain remain relatively unclear. We provide an overview of these interactions and how differences in relative contribution of dimensions such as stress, age, genetics, environment, and immune responsivity may produce different risk profiles for disease development, pain severity, and chronicity. We propose the concept of "stickiness" as a soubriquet for capturing the multiple influences on the persistence of pain and pain behavior, and their stubborn resistance to therapeutic intervention. We then focus on the neurobiology of reward and aversion to address how alterations in synaptic complexity, neural networks, and systems (eg, opioidergic and dopaminergic) may contribute to pain stickiness. Finally, we propose an integration of the neurobiological with what is known about environmental and social demands on pain behavior and explore treatment approaches based on the nature of the individual's vulnerability to or protection from allostatic load.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.