ReviewFrontiers in neurology2018
Systematic Review: Syndromes, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment in Autoimmune Encephalitis.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Movement disorders in cell surface antibody mediated autoimmune encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Suspected encephalitis in adults.Practical neurology · 2026Review
- Distinguishing autoimmune encephalitis from its mimics using brain [¹⁸F]-FDG PET: real-world study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Clinical, neuropsychological and radiological features in influenza virus-associated encephalitis: a case series.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Current and Future Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Biomarker Detection Techniques and Their Performance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Modulation of Cytokines and Immune Cells by Plasma Exchange in Patients With Certain Autoimmune Neurological Diseases.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Case Report: Sequential FcRn blockade and B-cell depletion for treatment-refractory relapsing autoimmune encephalitis: a three-patient case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Managing paraneoplastic GABABMC neurology · 2025Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis-like Presentation of Glioblastoma: Get to Know This Rare Occurrence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Approach and overview of autoimmune encephalitis: A review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Efficacy of dexamethasone combined with intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of pediatric autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Attempts.Neurology international · 2024Review
- Autoimmune encephalitis: what the radiologist needs to know.Neuroradiology · 2024Review
- Innovation and optimization in autoimmune encephalitis trials: the design and rationale for the Phase 3, randomized study of satralizumab in patients with NMDAR-IgG-antibody-positive or LGI1-IgG-antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis (CIELO).Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Hashimoto's encephalopathy: an endocrinological point of view.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis, Post Herpes Encephalitis in Two Pediatric Cases.Oman medical journal · 2023Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis-A Multifaceted Pathology.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Relevance of Antibody Testing in Movement Disorders.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, new antibodies have been discovered which mediate autoimmune encephalitis. This immunological response can be triggered by an infection or a tumor. Classical onconeuronal antibodies are directed against intracellular neuronal agents but recently, a novel group of antibodies to neuronal cell-surface and synaptic antigens associated with different CNS-syndromes, has been discovered. Interestingly, the syndromes in this group can be successfully treated with immunotherapy and frequently do not have underlying tumors. The aim of this review is to describe the current state of knowledge about autoimmune encephalitis, in order to provide clinicians with a concise, up-to-date overview. Thus, a comprehensive literature search was performed in medical databases. The literature was carefully studied and new findings focusing on the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment were summarized and interpreted. Even though it might be challenging in some cases, the awareness of certain symptom constellations and demographic information, in combination with laboratory- and MRI-results, allows clinicians to make the diagnosis of probable autoimmune encephalitis at an early stage. Treatment can therefore be initiated faster, which significantly improves the outcome. Further investigations could define the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Randomized controlled trials, paired with increasing clinical experience, will be necessary to improve the identification of affected patients, treatment strategies, and outcomes in the years to come.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.