ArticleDemography2018
Cigarette Smoking and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Adult Mortality in the United States.
Article in Demography, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of active and passive smoking with adolescent asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Acute effects of outdoor and indoor walking on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms and affective response during temporary smoking abstinence.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Memantine for Smoking Cessation (CCCWFU 99311).Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterTrial
- Substance use and epigenetic age acceleration: Associations with alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and SUD severity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- The role of Mediterranean diet adherence, smoking and their interactions in epigenetic age acceleration: A cross-sectional analysis of the Airwave cohort.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Addiction and Therapeutic Strategies for Smoking Cessation.Biology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and correlates of e-cigarette use among older adults aged 60 years and over.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Breaking Bonds, Changing Habits: Understanding Health Behaviors during and after Marital Dissolution.Journal of health and social behavior · 2026Article
- Mortality and morbidity burden associated with smoking: evidence from a 1.6 million cohort in Hong Kong.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Smoking significantly impairs clinical outcome following anterior cervical radiculopathy surgery.Brain & spine · 2026Article
- Impact of Smoking Cessation Attempts on Outcomes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Large Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Vitamin E intake and all-cause mortality: associations modified by smoking cessation duration in a US national cohort.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2026Article
- The impact of chronic exposure to cigarette and waterpipe smoke extracts on telomeres, telomerase, and cancer progression.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- SimSmoke simulation models by educational status: past and future US trends and the potential role of policy.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Association between the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and both the severity and mortality of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Renal Hyperfiltration as a New Mechanism of Smoking-Related Mortality.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Relationship of tobacco smoking to cause-specific mortality: contemporary estimates from Australia.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Cannabis Use Disorder Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations and 5-Year Mortality.JAMA network open · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study illuminates the association between cigarette smoking and adult mortality in the contemporary United States. Recent studies have estimated smoking-attributable mortality using indirect approaches or with sample data that are not nationally representative and that lack key confounders. We use the 1990-2011 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files to estimate relative risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for current and former smokers compared with never smokers. We examine causes of death established as attributable to smoking as well as additional causes that appear to be linked to smoking but have not yet been declared by the U.S. Surgeon General to be caused by smoking. Mortality risk is substantially elevated among smokers for established causes and moderately elevated for additional causes. We also decompose the mortality disadvantage among smokers by cause of death and estimate the number of smoking-attributable deaths for the U.S. adult population ages 35+, net of sociodemographic and behavioral confounders. The elevated risks translate to 481,887 excess deaths per year among current and former smokers compared with never smokers, 14 % to 15 % of which are due to the additional causes. The additional causes of death contribute to the health burden of smoking and should be considered in future studies of smoking-attributable mortality. This study demonstrates that smoking-attributable mortality must remain a top population health priority in the United States and makes several contributions to further underscore the human costs of this tragedy that has ravaged American society for more than a century.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.