ArticleScientific reports2018
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis in Target Host Cells in a Manner That is Dependent on its GAP Domain Activity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus as a multi-target antagonist of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Infection control and anti-apoptotic effect of Lactobacillus paracasei derivatives on fibroblasts through modulation of BCL2 transcription.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Genomic comparison and phenotypic characterization ofmSystems · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenicity ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- The longitudinal expression ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
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- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives of Gut Microbiota, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Cholangiocarcinoma Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mapping genetic and phenotypic diversity ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Alizarin, which reduces ExoS, attenuates inflammation by P. aeruginosa in H292 cells.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Stable topical application of antimicrobials using plumbing rings in an ex vivo porcine corneal infection model.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exploring interspecies differences inJournal of medical microbiology · 2024Article
- PemB, a type III secretion effector inHeliyon · 2024Article
- Type III Secretion System in Intestinal Pathogens and Metabolic Diseases.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Review
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- Exposure to endocrine disruptors promotes biofilm formation and contributes to increased virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Environmental microbiology reports · 2023Article
- AMPylation of small GTPases by Fic enzymes.FEBS letters · 2023Review
- The RIPK3 Scaffold Regulates Lung Inflammation DuringAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Review
- Caspase-1-driven neutrophil pyroptosis and its role in host susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. ExoS and ExoT are two homologous bifunctional Type III Secretion System (T3SS) virulence factors that induce apoptosis in target host cells. They possess a GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) domain at their N-termini, which share ~76% homology, and an ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) domain at their C-termini, which target non-overlapping substrates. Both the GAP and the ADPRT domains contribute to ExoT's cytotoxicity in target epithelial cells, whereas, ExoS-induced apoptosis is reported to be primarily due to its ADPRT domain. In this report, we demonstrate that ExoS/GAP domain is both necessary and sufficient to induce mitochondrial apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that intoxication with ExoS/GAP domain leads to enrichment of Bax and Bim into the mitochondrial outer-membrane, disruption of mitochondrial membrane and release of and cytochrome c into the cytosol, which activates initiator caspase-9 and effector caspase-3, that executes cellular death. We posit that the contribution of the GAP domain in ExoS-induced apoptosis was overlooked in prior studies due to its slower kinetics of cytotoxicity as compared to ADPRT. Our data clarify the field and reveal a novel virulence function for ExoS/GAP as an inducer of apoptosis.
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