ArticleBMJ open2018
Geographical and socioeconomic differences in uptake of Pap test and mammography in Italy: results from the National Health Interview Survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lifestyle Habits and Adherence to Cancer Screening Programs Among Italian Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Seasonal Mortality and its Impact on Spatial Inequality in Life Expectancy Across Italy.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2025Article
- The impact of individual and contextual socioeconomic factors on colorectal cancer screening adherence in Turin, Italy: a multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Breast Cancer Prevention Practices and Knowledge in Italian and Chinese Women in Italy: Clinical Checkups, Free NHS Screening Adherence, and Breast Self-Examination (BSE).Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic position and breast cancer screening use in Chile: A population-based study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Knowledge and Misinformation About Breast Cancer Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Prevention Among Healthy and Affected Women: A Study on 2375 Italian Participants.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable mortality in Italy: results from a nationwide longitudinal cohort.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Exploring the Landscape of Breast Cancer Prevention among Chinese Residents in Italy: An In-Depth Analysis of Screening Adherence, Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Practices, the Role of Technological Tools, and Misconceptions Surrounding Risk Factors and Symptoms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Temporal Evolution and Associated Factors of Adherence to Mammography Screening among Women in Spain: Results from Two National Health Surveys (2017-2020).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Breast Cancer Prevention: The Key Role of Population Screening, Breast Self-Examination (BSE) and Technological Tools. Survey of Italian Women.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2023Article
- Overcoming barriers: Modelling the effect of potential future changes of organized breast cancer screening in Italy.Journal of medical screening · 2023Article
- German mammography screening program: adherence, characteristics of (non-)participants and utilization of non-screening mammography-a longitudinal analysis.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Cancer in Migrants: A Population-Based Study in Italy.Cancers · 2023Article
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- Inequalities in reported use of cervical screening in Estonia: results from cross-sectional studies in 2004-2020.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- Nationwide longitudinal population-based study on mortality in Italy by immigrant status.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Assessing lead time bias due to mammography screening on estimates of loss in life expectancy.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- Organized Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening: Attendance and Determinants in Southern Italy.Cancers · 2021Article
- Geographic Inequalities in Breast Cancer in Italy: Trend Analysis of Mortality and Risk Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe Italian National Health Service instituted cervical and breast cancer screening programmes in 1999; the local health authorities have a mandate to implement these screening programmes by inviting all women aged 25-64 years for a Pap test every 3 years (or for an Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test every 5 years) and women aged 50-69 years for a mammography every 2 years. However, the implementation of screening programmes throughout the country is still incomplete. This study aims to: (1) describe cervical and breast cancer screening uptake and (2) evaluate geographical and individual socioeconomic difference in screening uptake.
methodsData both from the Italian National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) conducted by the National Institute of Statistics in 2012-2013 and from the Italian National Centre for Screening Monitoring (INCSM) were used. The NHIS interviewed a national representative random sample of 32 831 women aged 25-64 years and of 16 459 women aged 50-69 years. Logistic multilevel models were used to estimate the effect of socioeconomic variables and behavioural factors (level 1) on screening uptake. Data on screening invitation coverage at the regional level, taken from INCSM, were used as ecological (level 2) covariates.
resultsTotal 3-year Pap test and 2-year mammography uptake were 62.1% and 56.4%, respectively; screening programmes accounted for 1/3 and 1/2 of total test uptake, respectively. Strong geographical differences were observed. Uptake was associated with high educational levels, healthy behaviours, being a former smoker and being Italian versus foreign national. Differences in uptake between Italian regions were mostly explained by the invitation coverage to screening programmes.
conclusionsThe uptake of both screening programmes in Italy is still under acceptable levels. Screening programme implementation has the potential to reduce the health inequalities gap between regions but only if uptake increases.
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