ArticleImmunity2018
Germinal Center B Cells Replace Their Antigen Receptors in Dark Zones and Fail Light Zone Entry when Immunoglobulin Gene Mutations are Damaging.
Article in Immunity, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apoptotic Quality Control of Cellular Competence Limits Cryptic Germinal Center B Cell States.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Germinal Center Selection and Plasma Cell Differentiation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- AID and TET2 cooperate to demethylate Irf4 for plasma cell fate in germinal center B cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The B-cell Receptor Blueprint in Lymphoma: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Blood cancer discovery · 2026Review
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Importance of B cells (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Distributed apoptotic checkpoints in B cell selection, tolerance, and autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: spatiotemporal heterogeneity, immune orchestration, and translational opportunities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- BLIMP1 controls GC B cell expansion and exit through regulating cell cycle progression and key transcription factors BCL6 and IRF4.Cell reports · 2025Article
- B-cell Receptor Silencing Reveals the Origin and Dependencies of High-Grade B-cell Lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 Rearrangements.Blood cancer discovery · 2025Article
- Lung B cells in ectopic germinal centers undergo affinity maturation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Polarization of the memory B-cell response.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Review
- Of Tingible Bodies and Starry Skies: Control of Normal and Malignant Tissues Through Apoptotic Cell-Dependent Communication (ACDC).Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Adoptive Transfer of B Cells In Vivo for Assessment of Their Immune Function.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- A paradigm shift in simulating affinity maturation to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Csk restrains BCR-mediated ROS production and contributes to germinal center selection and affinity maturation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations.Biomaterials science · 2024Review
- B cell memory: from generation to reactivation: a multipronged defense wall against pathogens.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- A multiscale spatial modeling framework for the germinal center response.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adaptive immunity involves the development of bespoke antibodies in germinal centers (GCs) through immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation (SHM) in GC dark zones (DZs) and clonal selection in light zones (LZs). Accurate selection requires that cells fully replace surface B cell receptors (BCRs) following SHM, but whether this happens before LZ entry is not clear. We found that most GC B cells degrade pre-SHM receptors before leaving the DZ, and that B cells acquiring crippling mutations during SHM rarely reached the LZ. Instead, apoptosis was triggered preferentially in late G1, a stage wherein cells with functional BCRs re-entered cell cycle or reduced surface expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to enable LZ migration. Ectopic expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 was not sufficient for cells with damaging mutations to reach the LZ, suggesting that BCR-dependent cues may actively facilitate the transition. Thus, BCR replacement and pre-screening in DZs prevents the accumulation of clones with non-functional receptors and facilitates selection in the LZ.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.