ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
Monocytes and Macrophages as Viral Targets and Reservoirs.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Ebola Virus Persistence Beyond Acute Infection: Could HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction Influence Survivor Biology?Viruses · 2026Review
- Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanisms in Vascular Remodeling of Pulmonary Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Macrophage Immune Responses in Viral Infections: Functional Plasticity and Therapeutic Targeting.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Immune Cells at the Frontline of SFTSV Infection.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Immune cell interactions and lung damage in SARS-CoV-2 special attention on monocytes/macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and Toll-like receptors in SARS-CoV-2.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- The authors respond to feedback onFrontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- CD163+ perivascular macrophages in schizophrenia: a research framework for testing macrophage-related mechanisms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Attenuation of cGAS-STING signaling-mediated lung inflammation during infection through autophagy induction by bioactive nanodevices.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Elevated ALT correlates with severe liver injury, monocyte infiltration, and Pro-inflammatory immune dysregulation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- From Defense to Disease: NADPH Oxidase in Cellular Function and Dysregulation.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Review
- Laboratory Data Analysis of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome Patients to Predict Disease Severity and Patient Prognosis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Dual regulatory role of hsa-miR-122b-5p in chikungunya virus infection via interaction with CHIKV 3'-UTR and HDAC4 modulation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio: a superior inflammatory marker predicting poor prognosis in IgA nephropathy.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Immunology of Hypertension: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Aspects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- The Immunoregulatory Mechanisms of Human Cytomegalovirus from Primary Infection to Reactivation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Human Herpesvirus 6 Activates NF-κB Signalling and CD163-Positive Macrophage Recruitment in Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury.Microorganisms · 2025Article
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses manipulate cell biology to utilize monocytes/macrophages as vessels for dissemination, long-term persistence within tissues and virus replication. Viruses enter cells through endocytosis, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis or membrane fusion. These processes play important roles in the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of these agents and in establishing viral genome persistence and latency. Upon viral infection, monocytes respond with an elevated expression of proinflammatory signalling molecules and antiviral responses, as is shown in the case of the influenza, Chikungunya, human herpes and Zika viruses. Human immunodeficiency virus initiates acute inflammation on site during the early stages of infection but there is a shift of M1 to M2 at the later stages of infection. Cytomegalovirus creates a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes by inducing a specific phenotype within the M1/M2 continuum. Despite facilitating inflammation, infected macrophages generally display abolished apoptosis and restricted cytopathic effect, which sustains the virus production. The majority of viruses discussed in this review employ monocytes/macrophages as a repository but certain viruses use these cells for productive replication. This review focuses on viral adaptations to enter monocytes/macrophages, immune escape, reprogramming of infected cells and the response of the host cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.