ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2018
Variation in Childhood Diarrheal Morbidity and Mortality in Africa, 2000-2015.
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Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
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75citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Etiology-specific incidence and mortality of diarrheal diseases in the African region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Geospatial estimation of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health indicators: a systematic review of methodological aspects of studies based on household surveys.International journal of health geographics · 2020Pooled it
- Etiological surveillance of viral gastroenteritis in children aged less than 5 years in Tehran Province, Iran, 2023-2024.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Waterborne pathogen mitigation: Decoding techno-ecological synergies in multiscale transmission networks.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Strengthening access to zinc and oral rehydration solution for childhood diarrheal treatment in Africa.Global health research and policy · 2025Article
- A mixed effect hierarchical analysis to quantify variation on childhood diarrhea prevalence in Mauritania: evidence from the Mauritania demographic and health survey 2019-2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Diarrhea-Related Mortality in Latin American and Caribbean Countries from 2000 through 2019.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Observational
- The estimated incidence of uterine corpus cancers among permanent residents in mainland China using Bayesian spatial modeling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The global, regional, and national burden of Invasive Non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS): An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A scoping review of the methods used to estimate health facility catchment populations for child health indicators in sub-Saharan Africa.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal variation of under-5 children diarrhea incidence and associated meteorological factors in central Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective time series study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of a multi-pronged cholera intervention in an endemic setting.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- The burden and trends of infectious diseases among children aged 14 and below in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis from the 2021 global burden of disease study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Global burden of diarrhea disease in the older adult and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: a comprehensive analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Impact of a multi-pronged cholera intervention in an endemic setting.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Detection of spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal distribution of diarrhea incidence among under-five children in Central Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a time-series study (2019-2022).BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Article
- Severe outcomes of malaria in children under time-varying exposure.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Changes in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of viral gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in the Mainland of China: a retrospective study from 2016 to 2020.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Robert C ReinerFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Nicholas GraetzFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Daniel C CaseyFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Christopher TroegerFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Gregory M GarciaFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Jonathan F MosserFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Aniruddha DeshpandeFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Scott J SwartzFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Sarah E RayFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-5775-8344
Brigette F BlackerFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Puja C RaoFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Aaron Osgood-ZimmermanFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Roy BursteinFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
David M PigottFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Ian M DavisFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Ian D LetourneauFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Lucas EarlFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Jennifer M RossFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Ibrahim A KhalilFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Tamer H FaragFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Oliver J BradyFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Moritz U G KraemerFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
David L SmithFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Samir BhattFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Daniel J WeissFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Peter W GethingFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Nicholas J KassebaumFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Ali H MokdadFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Christopher J L MurrayFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Simon I HayFrom the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (R.C.R., N.G., D.C.C., C.T., G.M.G., J.F.M., A.D., S.J.S., S.E.R., B.F.B., P.C.R., A.O.-Z., R.B., D.M.P., I.M.D., I.D.L., L.E., J.M.R., I.A.K., T.H.F., D.L.S., N.J.K., A.H.M., C.J.L.M., S.I.H.) and the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.M.R.), University of Washington, and the Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (J.F.M.) and Pediatric Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (N.J.K.), Seattle Children's Hospital - all in Seattle; the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (O.J.B.), and the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London (S.B.), London, and the Department of Zoology (M.U.G.K.) and the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery (S.B., D.J.W., P.W.G.), University of Oxford, Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.U.G.K.).
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation · USUniversity of Oxford · GBSeattle Children's Hospital · USBoston Children's Hospital · USLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBUniversity of Washington · US
Funding
GRADUATE TRAINING IN DEMOGRAPHYT32HD007242 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MICHEL GUILLOT · 1985 to 2026
$6.6MMedical Research Council MR/R015600/1NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007242Wellcome Trust 206471/Z/17/Z
Abstract
backgroundDiarrheal diseases are the third leading cause of disease and death in children younger than 5 years of age in Africa and were responsible for an estimated 30 million cases of severe diarrhea (95% credible interval, 27 million to 33 million) and 330,000 deaths (95% credible interval, 270,000 to 380,000) in 2015. The development of targeted approaches to address this burden has been hampered by a paucity of comprehensive, fine-scale estimates of diarrhea-related disease and death among and within countries.
methodsWe produced annual estimates of the prevalence and incidence of diarrhea and diarrhea-related mortality with high geographic detail (5 km
resultsThe results revealed geographic inequality with regard to diarrhea risk in Africa. Of the estimated 330,000 childhood deaths that were attributable to diarrhea in 2015, more than 50% occurred in 55 of the 782 first-level administrative subdivisions (e.g., states). In 2015, mortality rates among first-level administrative subdivisions in Nigeria differed by up to a factor of 6. The case fatality rates were highly varied at the national level across Africa, with the highest values observed in Benin, Lesotho, Mali, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.
conclusionsOur findings showed concentrated areas of diarrheal disease and diarrhea-related death in countries that had a consistently high burden as well as in countries that had considerable national-level reductions in diarrhea burden. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).
Indexed as
AfricaBayes TheoremChild, PreschoolDiarrheaGeography, MedicalHumansIncidenceInfantMortalityPrevalence
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