ArticleJB & JS open access2017
Reliability and Validity of Radiographic Measurement of the Humerus-Elbow-Wrist Angle in Healthy Children.
Article in JB & JS open access, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Carrying Angle of Elbow between Patients with and without Lateral Epicondylitis: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Observational
- An Observational Study of Clinico-radiological Co-relation of Carrying Angle in Children.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Persistent Ulnar Nerve Palsy with Cubitus Valgus Deformity Following a Surgically Treated Flexion-type Supracondylar Humeral Fracture - A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2023Article
- Cubitus varus after pediatric lateral condylar fracture: true or pseudo?BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Medial Epicondyle Fracture in Children and Its Association with Increased Carrying Angle.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Article
- Reliability of radiographic measurement of lateral capitellohumeral angle in healthy children.Medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article was updated on May 4, 2017, because of a previous error. The proximal line drawn in Figure 1 was different from the line described in the Materials and Methods section, which reads "The proximal line was drawn at the level of the radial tuberosity, and the distal line was made at the level of the top of the radial bowing (Fig. 1)." The correct figure is presented in this version of the article. An erratum has been published: JBJS Open Access. 2017 May 26;2(2):e0012ER.
backgroundWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the normal value, range, reliability, and validity of measurement of the humerus-elbow-wrist angle, an index of valgus-varus angulation of the elbow, in healthy children. This measurement has been used to assess postoperative radiographic results.
methodsRadiographs of the elbow in 62 healthy children ranging from 2 to 11 years of age were reviewed by 6 examiners at 2 sessions. The mean value and the reliability of measurement of the humerus-elbow-wrist angle, the carrying angle, and the Baumann angle were assessed. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were calculated with use of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). To determine concurrent validity, the association between the humerus-elbow-wrist angle and carrying angle measurements was examined with use of Pearson correlation coefficients.
resultsThe mean humerus-elbow-wrist angle value was 12.0° (range, 1° to 24°), and the mean carrying angle was 14.6° (range, 4° to 28°). The ICCs for intraobserver measurements of the humerus-elbow-wrist angle were almost perfect for 4 examiners and were substantial for 2 examiners, with a mean value of 0.85 (range, 0.73 to 0.94). The ICCs for interobserver reliability with regard to the first and second measurements of the humerus-elbow-wrist angle were both substantial (0.76 and 0.78). A significant association between the humerus-elbow-wrist angle and the carrying angle was observed, with the Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.90 (p < 0.001).
conclusionsMeasurement of the humerus-elbow-wrist angle demonstrated good reliability and validity. The humerus-elbow-wrist angle is a reliable radiographic measure of coronal alignment of the humerus and forearm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.