ArticleUnited European gastroenterology journal2018
The Vampire Study: Significant elevation of faecal calprotectin in healthy volunteers after 300 ml blood ingestion mimicking upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Article in United European gastroenterology journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated With Loss of Fecal Biomarker Accuracy During Routine Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Beyond diagnosis: the emerging role of fecal calprotectin in longitudinal management of pediatric juvenile polyps.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- New Faecal Calprotectin Assay by IDS: Validation and Comparison to DiaSorin Method.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fecal Leukocyte Esterase, an Alternative Biomarker to Fecal Calprotectin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Series.Gastro hep advances · 2022Article
- Review
- International consensus on methodological issues in standardization of fecal calprotectin measurement in inflammatory bowel diseases.United European gastroenterology journal · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFaecal calprotectin correlates with histological and clinical activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointestinal bleeding might also increase faecal calprotectin levels, erroneously implying intestinal inflammation; however, this possibility has not been systematically assessed.
methodsSixteen healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal disease and normal faecal calprotectin baseline values ingested their own blood twice, either by drinking or via nasogastric tube. Quantities of 100 ml and 300 ml blood were ingested in a randomised order, with a 28-day wash-out period. Faecal calprotectin, faecal occult blood test, and the occurrence of melaena were assessed. Faecal calprotectin ≥ 50 µg/g was considered elevated.
resultsMelaena was reported by all healthy volunteers after 300 ml and by 11/15 healthy volunteers (71%) after 100 ml blood ingestion. One day after ingestion of 300 ml blood, 8/16 faecal calprotectin tests were positive compared to 1/16 at baseline (
conclusionIngestion of blood resulted in an increase in faecal calprotectin-positive tests. Gastrointestinal bleeding should be considered as a potential cause of mild faecal calprotectin elevation > 50 µg/g; however, increased faecal calprotectin above > 250-300 µg/g, the established cut-off for relevant intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, is rare.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.