ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2019
Intake, sources, and determinants of free sugars intake in Australian children aged 12-14 months.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Free sugar intake and dietary sources in rural Japanese infants aged 18-23 months.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding and Early Childhood Dental Caries: Evidence from Birth Cohort Studies in Australia and Brazil.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Carbohydrate intakes, food sources and tracking in Australian young children.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Sources and determinants of free sugars intake by 5-year-old Australian children in the SMILE cohort.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Predictors of Free Sugars Intake Trajectories across Early Childhood-Results from the SMILE Birth Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Development and internal validation of the SMILE-FSS: a Free Sugars Screener for Australian children aged 2 and 5 years.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Pairwise approach for analysis and reporting of child's free sugars intake from a birth cohort study.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Front-of-Pack Warning Signs among Commercial Complementary Foods in Seven High and Upper Middle-Income Countries.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Dietary intakes, sources, and determinants of free sugars amongst Lebanese children and adolescents: findings from two national surveys.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Digital Marketing of Commercial Complementary Foods in Australia: An Analysis of Brand Messaging.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sources and Determinants of Wholegrain Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12-14 Months.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Oral Health Birth Cohort Studies: Achievements, Challenges, and Potential.Journal of dental research · 2020Article
- Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study: cohort profile.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Sources and Determinants of Discretionary Food Intake in a Cohort of Australian Children Aged 12-14 Months.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Intake, sources, and determinants of free sugars intake in Australian children aged 12-14 months.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Free Sugars Intake, Sources and Determinants of High Consumption among Australian 2-Year-Olds in the SMILE Cohort.Nutrients · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The consumption of free sugars is directly associated with adiposity and dental caries in early childhood; however, intake data in the first 2 years of life are limited. This cross-sectional analysis aims to identify major food sources of free sugars for Australian children aged 12-14 months and investigate factors associated with meeting the World Health Organisation (WHO) Guideline for sugars intake. Three days of nonconsecutive dietary data were collected via a 24-hr recall and 2-day food record for 828 participants. Usual intake of energy, total sugars, and free sugars were estimated, along with food group contributions to free sugars. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with exceeding the WHO conservative recommendation that <5% of energy should come from free sugars. Mean free sugars intake was 8.8 (SD 7.7, IQR 3.7-11.6) g/day, contributing 3.6% (SD 2.8, IQR 1.6-4.8) of energy. Only 2.4% of participants exceeded the WHO recommendation that <10% of energy should come from free sugars, with 22.8% of participants exceeding the <5% recommendation. Children from households with greater socio-economic disadvantage (IRSAD <5, OR = 1.94) and in the lowest income bracket (OR = 2.10) were more likely to have intakes ≥5% of energy. Major food sources of free sugars were commercial infant foods (26.6%), cereal-based products (19.7%), namely, sweet biscuits (8.3%) and cakes (7.6%), followed by yoghurt (9.6%), and fruit and vegetable beverages (7.4%). These findings highlight the substantial contribution of infant foods to free sugars intakes and provide further evidence that dietary intakes are influenced by social determinants.
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