ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2019
The cost incurred by victims of bullying from a societal perspective: estimates based on a German online survey of adolescents.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic Review of Per Person Violence Costs.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The mental health and wellbeing of spouses, partners and children of emergency responders: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Parental and Peer Relationships and Their Impact on Symptom Severity in Adolescent Patients With Anorexia Nervosa.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026Article
- Social anxiety moderates the association between adolescent irritability and bully perpetration.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Article
- Neighborhood Resource Deprivation as a Predictor of Bullying Perpetration and Resource-Driven Conduct Symptoms.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Victimization by traditional bullying and cyberbullying and the combination of these among adolescents in 13 European and Asian countries.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Article
- Impact of work demand constraints on psychological distress through workplace bullying and personality traits: A moderated-mediation model.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Effects and moderators of the Olweus bullying prevention program (OBPP) in Germany.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Article
- Teaching Socio-Emotional Competencies Among Primary School Students: Improving Conflict Resolution and Promoting Democratic Co-existence in Schools.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Being a victim of bullying is linked to various social, emotional and behavioral problems potentially leading to a reduced quality of life. Furthermore, victims of bullying may cause extensive costs for society, for example by an above-average need for healthcare services. The present study was designed to quantify the costs and the loss of quality of life attributable to bullying by comparing victims with a control group of non-bullied students. A cross-sectional sample of 1293 adolescents (mean age 14.07, SD = 1.36) and their parents reported on bullying victimization, quality of life (adolescents' self-report), and annual direct (medical and non-medical) as well as indirect costs (parents' self-report) from a societal perspective (all expressed in €, year 2014 and 2015). For frequent (20.6% of our sample; costs: €8461.80 p.a.) but not occasional (13.3%; costs: €2850.06) bullying, victimization was associated with significantly higher costs compared to non-bullied adolescents (costs: €3138.00; annual difference between frequently bullied students and controls: €5323.01 p.a.; p = 0.008). Cost drivers included increased direct medical costs, but mostly indirect costs caused by productivity losses of the parents. Self-reported quality of life of frequent victims was considerably reduced (T = - 10.96; p < 0.001); also occasional bullying showed significantly reduced values in global quality of life (T = - 5.73; p < 0.001). The present findings demonstrate that frequent bullying is associated with substantial cost to society and reduced quality of life of victims. This observation underscores the need for effective school-based bullying prevention and suggests a high potential of effective programs to be cost effective as well.
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