ReviewClinical neuroradiology2019
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis : Etiology, Clinical Manifestations and Neuroradiological Features.
Review in Clinical neuroradiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebral tuberculoma in pregnancy (Jan 1975-May 2025): a systematic review and descriptive analysis of 33 published cases.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Global morbidity and mortality of central nervous system tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Navigating complex presentations of central nervous system tuberculosis: A two-case analysis.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Pathogen and host biomarkers to aid early diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculous meningitis.Infection · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Poor Neurological Outcomes at Discharge in Tuberculous Meningitis: Disease Severity, Host Factors, and Drug Therapy.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Granulomatous Diseases of the CNS: Aetiology, Neuroradiological Features and Clinical Findings.Clinical neuroradiology · 2026Review
- Clinicopathological Spectrum of Brain Parenchymal Infections: A Retrospective Analytical Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With Miliary Tuberculosis: Differential Diagnosis From Tuberculoma.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- A novel diagnostic strategy of differential diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis and non-tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective observational cohort study.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Observational
- Miliary Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Tuberculous meningoencephalitis concurrent with autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disorder ("HAND" to "SAND"): Viral infection as a "time-bomb" for the aging brain.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- MRI quantitative imaging biomarkers in differentiating brain parenchymal tuberculoma and lung cancer brain metastases.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Vestibulocochlear Neuritis as a Paradoxical Reaction in an Immunocompetent Patient with Tuberculous Meningitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pott's disease: A case of multilevel vertebral tuberculosis with spinal deformity.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Perineural immune environment of olfactory nerves is reshaped by neuroinflammatory drainage and connects to ethmoid bone marrow.Science advances · 2025Article
- Clinical features and risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus-associated encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Hemorrhagic manifestations of neurotuberculosis: a rare entity.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAs a result of multilateral migration and globalization in times of humanitarian crises, western countries face a possible increase in the incidence of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB). The diagnosis of CNS TB is challenging and often delayed due to the manifold and often non-specific presentation of the disease. The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize imaging features and correlated clinical findings of CNS TB.
methodsThe different manifestations of CNS TB are explained and illustrated by characteristic neuroradiological as well as neuropathological findings. An overview on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is provided. For clarity, tables summarizing the lesion patterns, differential diagnoses and diagnostic hints are added.
resultsThe CNS TB can be manifested (1) diffuse as tuberculous meningitis (TBM), (2) localized as tuberculoma or (3) tuberculous abscess or (4) in extradural and intradural spinal infections. Information on clinical presentation, underlying pathology and the distinguishing features is demonstrated. The TBM is further described, which may lead to cranial nerve palsy, hydrocephalus and infarction due to associated arteritis of the basal perforators. The differential diagnoses are vast and include other infections, such as bacterial, viral or fungal meningoencephalitis, malignant causes or systemic inflammation with CNS. Complicating factors of diagnosis and treatment are HIV coinfection, multi-drug resistance and TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
conclusionsNeurologists and (neuro-)radiologists should be familiar with the neuroradiological presentation and the clinical course of CNS TB to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.