ArticleRoyal Society open science2018
The SNARC effect is associated with worse mathematical intelligence and poorer time estimation.
Article in Royal Society open science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Cognitive Load and Mathematical Proficiency on the SNARC Effect.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Probing the Dual-Route Model of the SNARC Effect by Orthogonalizing Processing Speed and Depth.Experimental psychology · 2023Article
- The influence of children's mathematical competence on performance in mental number line, time knowledge and time perception.Psychological research · 2021Article
- A gifted SNARC? Directional spatial-numerical associations in gifted children with high-level math skills do not differ from controls.Psychological research · 2021Article
- Metaphor and the Philosophical Implications of Embodied Mathematics.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Explaining the SPoARC and SNARC effects with knowledge structures: An expertise account.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2019Review
- The SNARC effect is associated with worse mathematical intelligence and poorer time estimation.Royal Society open science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interactions between the ways we process space, numbers and time may arise from shared and innate generic magnitude representations. Alternatively or concurrently, such interactions could be due to the use of physical magnitudes, like spatial extent, as metaphors for more abstract ones, like number and duration. That numbers might be spatially represented along a mental number line is suggested by the SNARC effect: faster left-side responses to small single digits, like 1 or 2, and faster right-side responses to large ones, like 8 or 9. Previously, we found that time estimation predicts mathematical intelligence and speculated that it may predict spatial ability too. Here, addressing this issue, we test-on a relatively large sample of adults and entirely within subjects-the relationships between (a) time: proficiency at producing and evaluating durations shorter than one second, (b) space: the ability to mentally rotate objects, (c) numbers: mathematical reasoning skills, and (d) space-number associations: the SNARC effect. Better time estimation was linked to greater mathematical intelligence and better spatial skills. Strikingly, however, stronger associations between space and numbers predicted worse mathematical intelligence and poorer time estimation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.