ArticleMolecular cancer research : MCR2019
Targeting the MIF/CXCR7/AKT Signaling Pathway in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
Article in Molecular cancer research : MCR, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the tumor ecosystem: a tale of inflammation, immune escape, and tumor growth.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- G protein-coupled receptors in prostate cancer: research progress and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Upregulates CXCR7 and Contributes to Chemotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- Targeting mRNA-coding genes in prostate cancer using CRISPR/Cas9 technology with a special focus on androgen receptor signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- MIF/NR3C2 axis regulates glucose metabolism reprogramming in pancreatic cancer through MAPK-ERK and AP-1 pathways.Carcinogenesis · 2024Article
- The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT): Pathways to Tumorigenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Molecular landscape for risk prediction and personalized therapeutics of castration-resistant prostate cancer: at a glance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts and prostate cancer stem cells: crosstalk mechanisms and implications for disease progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors regulate macrophage M2 polarization through the MIF/CXCR4 axis to immune escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Integrative single-cell and bulk RNA-seq analyses identify CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Chemokine receptor CXCR7 activates Aurora Kinase A and promotes neuroendocrine prostate cancer growth.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Prognostic subtypes of thyroid cancer was constructed based on single cell and bulk-RNA sequencing data and verified its authenticity.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Article
- Review
- Dualistic roles and mechanistic insights of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Review
- Atypical chemokine receptors: emerging therapeutic targets in cancer.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2022Review
- Rethinking the chemokine cascade in brain metastasis: Preventive and therapeutic implications.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Hypoxia-induced MIF induces dysregulation of lipid metabolism in Hep2 laryngocarcinoma through the IL-6/JAK-STAT pathway.Lipids in health and disease · 2022Article
- TA-MSCs, TA-MSCs-EVs, MIF: their crosstalk in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Review
- MIF/SCL3A2 depletion inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via the AKT/GSK-3β pathway and cell iron death.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) inevitably develops. Importantly, androgen receptor (AR) continues to be critical for prostate cancer growth and progression after ADT. One of the underlying molecular mechanisms is derepression of AR-repressed genes involved in cell cycle and proliferation after ADT. Here, the data demonstrate that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7), a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor, is an AR-repressed gene and is upregulated after ADT. AR directly regulates CXCR7 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was identified as a ligand for CXCR7, which induces expression of cell-cycle genes through activating AKT signaling pathway. Previous studies have been focused on chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in mediating metastasis of various cancer types, including prostate cancer. The critical roles of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment render it a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The data suggest that the MIF/CXCR7/AKT pathway drives CRPC growth and metastasis independent of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Furthermore, CXCR7 blockade in combination with anti-androgen enzalutamide inhibits CRPC tumor growth and potentially prevents metastasis. Notably, both MIF and CXCR7 are overexpressed in CRPC patient specimens and therefore are attractive therapeutic targets for these patients. IMPLICATIONS: This work suggests that CXCR7 plays more important roles than CXCR4 in CRPC progression; thus, targeting CXCR7 in combination with anti-androgen is a promising therapeutic approach for metastatic CRPC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.