ArticleBMJ open2018
Trends in mental health service utilisation in immigrant youth in Ontario, Canada, 1996-2012: a population-based longitudinal cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of global mental health service utilisation in young refugees and asylum seekers.BJPsych open · 2026Review
- Association between high-intensity antibiotic prescribing and prescribing of psychotropic drugs in children: a population-based study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Developing culturally responsive sexual health interventions: recommendations from Middle Eastern and North African diaspora youth in Ontario, Canada.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Identifying Mental Health Issues in Indian Immigrants in Canada: A Comparison with Non-Indian Immigrants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The Mental Health of Refugee and Migrant Youth after Settlement: Outcomes of a Multinational Study.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- Child Well-Being and Family Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Child: care, health and development · 2025Article
- The relationship between neighbourhood income and youth mental health service use differs by immigration experience: analysis of population-based data in British Columbia, Canada.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Language ability and virtual mental healthcare utilisation among immigrant and refugee youth: a population-based cohort study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic Differences in Physician-Based Mental Health and Virtual Care Utilization and Uptake of Virtual Care Among Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Experiences of racial microaggression among immigrant and Canadian-born young adults: Effects of double stigma on mental health and service use.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2023Article
- Mental Illness Following Physical Assault Among Children.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Mental health and neurocognitive disorder-related hospitalization rates in immigrants and Canadian-born population: a linkage study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2023Article
- Social Disparities in Mental Health Service Use Among Children and Youth in Ontario: Evidence From a General, Population-Based Survey.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Correlates of child mental health and substance use related emergency department visits in Ontario: A linked population survey and administrative health data study.International journal of population data science · 2023Article
- Mental Health and its Influencing Factors Among Immigrants with Chronic Diseases in China.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2022Article
- Culturally-Appropriate Orientation Increases the Effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid Training for Bhutanese Refugees: Results from a Multi-state Program Evaluation.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2020Article
- Suicide and Self-Harm in Recent Immigrants in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe trends in mental health service use of youth by immigration status and characteristics.
designPopulation-based longitudinal cohort study from 1996 to 2012 using linked health and administrative datasets.
settingOntario, Canada.
participantsYouth 10-24 years, living in Ontario, Canada. EXPOSURE: The main exposure was immigration status (recent immigrants vs long-term residents). Secondary exposures were region of origin and refugee status.
main outcome measureMental health hospitalisations, emergency department (ED) visits and outpatient visits within consecutive 3-year time periods. Poisson regression models estimated rate ratios (RR).
resultsOver 2.5 million person years per period were included. Rates of recent immigrant mental health service utilisation were at least 40% lower than long-term residents (p<0.0001).Mental health hospitalisation and ED visit rates increased in long-term residents (hospitalisations, RR 1.09 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.09); ED visits, RR 1.15 (1.14 to 1.15)) and recent immigrants (hospitalisations RR 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07); ED visits, RR 1.08 (1.05 to 1.11)). Mental health outpatient visit rates increased in long-term residents (RR 1.03 (1.03 to 1.03)) but declined in recent immigrant (RR 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95)). Comparable divergent trends in acute care and outpatient service use were observed among refugees and across most regions of origin. Recent immigrant acute care use was driven by longer-term refugees (hospitalisations RR 1.12 (1.03 to 1.21); ED visits RR 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20)).
conclusionsMental health service utilisation was lower among recent immigrants than long-term residents. While acute care use is increasing at a faster rate among long-term residents than recent immigrants, the decrease in outpatient mental health visits in immigrants highlights a potential emerging disparity in access to preventative care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.