ReviewBiology of sex differences2018
Sex differences in ischemic heart disease and heart failure biomarkers.
Review in Biology of sex differences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female Gender Is Associated with an Increased Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Recovery in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Sex Matters: A Comprehensive Comparison of Female and Male Hearts.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Sex-specific traditional and disease-related risk factors for incident heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a registry-based cohort study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Gender disparities in heart failure diagnosis and management: under the radar.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Sex differences research is important!Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Sex-Based Performance Disparities in Machine Learning Algorithms for Cardiac Disease Prediction: Exploratory Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Psychological Health and Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: A Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Considerations across the Healthspan.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Inequalities in premature mortality from ischaemic heart disease in the WHO European region.Central European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Acute Heart Failure Management: Is There a Gap in Treatment Quality?Current heart failure reports · 2023Review
- Does Gender Influence the Indication of Treatment and Long-Term Prognosis in Severe Aortic Stenosis?Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- A bibliometric analysis of acute myocardial infarction in women from 2000 to 2022.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of multiple substance use on circulating ST2, a biomarker of adverse cardiac remodelling, in women.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in the Evaluation of Congestion Markers in Patients with Acute Heart Failure.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Clinical and Research Implications.Circulation research · 2022Review
- Gender differences in use of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for acute ischaemic heart disease in Chinese adults.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2022Article
- Cyclic GMP and PKG Signaling in Heart Failure.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- RNA-seq driven expression and enrichment analysis to investigate CVD genes with associated phenotypes among high-risk heart failure patients.Human genomics · 2021Article
- Heart failure medication dosage and survival in women and men seen at outpatient clinics.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2021Article
- Trajectories of middle-aged and elderly people's chronic diseases Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs): cohort, socio-economic status and gender disparities.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- Sex differences in factors associated with heart failure and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction: a cross-sectional population-based study.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since 1984, each year, more women than men die of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF), yet more men are diagnosed. Because biomarker assessment is often the first diagnostic employed in such patients, understanding biomarker differences in men vs. women may improve female morbidity and mortality rates.Some key examples of cardiac biomarker utility based on sex include contemporary use of "unisex" troponin reference intervals under-diagnosing myocardial necrosis in women; greater use of hsCRP in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could lead to better stratification in women; and greater use of BNP with sex-specific thresholds in ACS could also lead to more timely risk stratification in women.Accurate diagnosis, appropriate risk management, and monitoring are key in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases; however, the assessment tools used must also be useful or at least assessed for utility in both sexes. In other words, going forward, we need to evaluate sex-specific reference intervals or cutoffs for laboratory tests used to assess cardiovascular disease to help close the diagnostic gap between men and women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.