ArticleBMC ophthalmology2018
Microglia enhanced the angiogenesis, migration and proliferation of co-cultured RMECs.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cytokines interleukin-6 and interferon-α induce distinct microglia phenotypes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Pooled it
- Cellular Prion Protein as a Novel Regulator of Vascular Plexus Stability During Retinal Angiogenesis.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Exploring Endotoxemia in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, and Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Endothelial TRPV1 Drives Choroidal Neovascularization in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration via NF-κB Signaling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Qiming granules regulate Müller cell pyroptosis and the P2X7R/NLRP3 immune inflammatory pathway in diabetic retinopathy.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Microglia in retinal vascular diseases: inflammatory mechanism and therapeutic target.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- The missing link: TNF-α as a unifying mechanism in methamphetamine-induced neuronal dysfunction and blood-brain barrier compromise.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of action of retinal microglia in diabetic retinopathy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Non-invasive bioelectrical therapy suppresses retinal neovascularization by modulating cellular metabolism and inflammation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Microglia Drive Peripapillary Vascular Density Reduction in Normal Tension Glaucoma by Regulating the Rpl17/Stat5b/Apoa1 Axis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- NDR2 Kinase Regulates Microglial Metabolic Adaptation and Inflammatory Response: Critical Role in Glucose-Dependent Functional Plasticity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Beyond vessels: unraveling the impact of VEGFs on neuronal functions and structure.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Ref-1 redox activity regulates retinal neovascularization by modulating transcriptional activation of HIF-1α.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Microglial Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Brain Injury Post-Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- "ArmedFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- The role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier.Tissue barriers · 2025Review
- The role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the inflammatory pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Microglia morphological response to mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles demonstrates EV therapeutic potential for modulating neuroinflammation.Journal of biological engineering · 2024Article
- Mapping the cellular expression patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor aa and bb genes and their receptors in the adult zebrafish brain during constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis.Neural development · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAttention is increasingly being given to microglia-related inflammation in neovascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular disease. Evidence shows that activated microglia contribute to disruption of the blood-retinal barrier, however, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether and how microglia affect the function of retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs).
methodsWe activated microglia by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. After co-culturing static or activated microglia with RMECs using the Transwell system, we evaluated the function of RMECs. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) levels in the supernatant from the lower chamber were evaluated by ELISA. Angiogenesis, migration, and proliferation of RMECs were assessed by tube formation, wound healing, and WST-1 assays. The expression levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) and endothelial markers (CD31 and CD34) were examined by Western blot analysis.
resultsWe successfully established an LPS-activated microglia model and co-culture system of static or activated microglia with RMECs. In the co-culture system, we showed that microglia, especially activated microglia stimulated VEGF-A and PDGF-BB expression, enhanced angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, and permeability, and altered the phenotype of co-cultured RMECs.
conclusionsMicroglia, especially activated microglia, play important roles in angiogenesis and maintenance of vascular function hemostasis in the retinal microvasculature. The mechanism needs further investigation and clarification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.