ArticlePsychological medicine2019
Genetic influences on eight psychiatric disorders based on family data of 4 408 646 full and half-siblings, and genetic data of 333 748 cases and controls.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 83 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between polygenic risk for Major Depression and brain structure in a mega-analysis of 50,975 participants across 11 studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder: two national birth cohorts and a meta-analysis.Molecular autism · 2025Pooled it
- Intermittent Fasting as a Potential Therapeutic Instrument for Major Depression Disorder: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Epigenetic signatures relating to disease-associated genotypic burden in familial risk of bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Genetic factors influencing a neurobiological substrate for psychiatric disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Investigating the associations between neurodevelopmental and psychiatric genetic liability and adverse social and functional outcomes across childhood, adolescence and young-adulthood.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Polygenic profiles in youth with early-onset psychosis and offspring of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder patients.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Stepping Stones Triple P: A randomised controlled trial evaluating the added benefit of an enhanced parenting program in a neurodevelopmental clinical sample.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- CMIP as a novel candidate gene for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2026Observational
- Beyond DSM Categories: Criteria for Biologically Valid Disease Axes in Psychiatry.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Evidence for overlapping genetic architecture between lifestyle factors and severe mental disorders with different patterns across diagnoses.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Parental ADHD as a Mechanistic Barrier to Behavioral Parent Training Implementation: An Intergenerational Framework for Addressing Childhood ADHD.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Dynamic Fusion of Genomics and Functional Network Connectivity in UK Biobank Reveals Schizophrenia-Related SNP Manifolds.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Examining the Mental Health of Siblings of Children with a Mental Disorder: A Scoping Review.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Review
- Disorder-Specific Genetic Effects Drive the Associations Between Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioning.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Psychiatric disorders following the clustering of family disadvantages in previous generations: a multigenerational cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- The role of gene-environment interactions in endocrine-sensitive life stages for shaping mental health: focus on the RE-MEND project.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Association Between Maternal Genome-Wide Polygenic Scores for Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Adverse Perinatal Events: A Danish Population-Based Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Transdiagnostic prevention in youth mental health, Part I: rationale, shared risk factors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
22 authors at 14 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMost studies underline the contribution of heritable factors for psychiatric disorders. However, heritability estimates depend on the population under study, diagnostic instruments, and study designs that each has its inherent assumptions, strengths, and biases. We aim to test the homogeneity in heritability estimates between two powerful, and state of the art study designs for eight psychiatric disorders.
methodsWe assessed heritability based on data of Swedish siblings (N = 4 408 646 full and maternal half-siblings), and based on summary data of eight samples with measured genotypes (N = 125 533 cases and 208 215 controls). All data were based on standard diagnostic criteria. Eight psychiatric disorders were studied: (1) alcohol dependence (AD), (2) anorexia nervosa, (3) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), (4) autism spectrum disorder, (5) bipolar disorder, (6) major depressive disorder, (7) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and (8) schizophrenia.
resultsHeritability estimates from sibling data varied from 0.30 for Major Depression to 0.80 for ADHD. The estimates based on the measured genotypes were lower, ranging from 0.10 for AD to 0.28 for OCD, but were significant, and correlated positively (0.19) with national sibling-based estimates. When removing OCD from the data the correlation increased to 0.50.
conclusionsGiven the unique character of each study design, the convergent findings for these eight psychiatric conditions suggest that heritability estimates are robust across different methods. The findings also highlight large differences in genetic and environmental influences between psychiatric disorders, providing future directions for etiological psychiatric research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.