ArticleMotivation and emotion2018
Conscientiousness and Effort-Related Cardiac Activity in Response to Piece-Rate Cash Incentives.
Article in Motivation and emotion, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Individual differences in emotional reactivity: A multidimensional systematic review across the big five.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Quiet quitting among Gen Z and millennial employees: contributing factors and organisational mitigation strategies.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Monetary versus grade incentives depending on personality traits: A field experiment on undergraduate students' performance.Heliyon · 2023Article
- RZ Interval as an Impedance Cardiography Indicator of Effort-Related Cardiac Sympathetic Activity.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2021Article
- Appetitive Motivation in Depressive Anhedonia: Effects of Piece-Rate Cash Rewards on Cardiac and Behavioral Outcomes.Motivation science · 2020Article
- Reward-Seeking Deficits in Major Depression: Unpacking Appetitive Task Performance with Ex-Gaussian Response Time Variability Analysis.Motivation science · 2020Article
- Get Going! Self-focused Attention and Sensitivity to Action and Inaction Effort Primes.Motivation science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although conscientiousness predicts many aspects of motivation, from delay of gratification to higher achievement, its relationship to responses to monetary incentives is surprisingly inconsistent. Several studies have found null or relationships between conscientiousness and behavioral performance in piece-rate, pay-for-performance tasks, in which people earn money for each unit of work completed. In the present study, we examined the role of conscientiousness in effort-related cardiac activity and behavioral performance during a pay-for-performance task. People worked on a self-paced, piece-rate cognitive task in which they earned 1 cent or 5 cents, manipulated within-person, for each correct response. Conscientiousness predicted greater physiological effort (i.e., shorter pre-ejection period [PEP] reactivity) as incentives increased but had no effect on behavioral performance. The findings suggest that conscientiousness is significantly related to effort for piece-rate tasks, and they reinforce a core idea in motivational intensity theory: effort, performance, and persistence are distinct outcomes that often diverge, so drawing conclusions about effort from performance can be complex.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.